Kuvanova Shahnoza Omonovna nemis tili fanidan mukammal qo‘llanma

32 – MAVZU: UNDOV SO‘ ZLAR (DIE INTERJEKTIONEN)

Undovlar predmet yoki belgini ko‘rsatmaydi,ya’ni ular atash xususiyatiga ega emas.Undov tuyg‘u, his- hayajon, kabi ma’nolarni eng qisqa yo‘l bilan ifoda etadigan so‘zdir.Undovlar gapning biror bo‘lagi vazifasida kela olmaydi, morfologik belgilarga ega emas.Undovlar ma’noga ko‘ra ikkiga bo‘linadi: 1) His-hayajon undovlari; 2) Buyruq - xitob undovlari

1. 
   His-hayajon undovlari quyidagilar:
   

a) sevinchni anglatadigan undovlar-ei!,juchhe!;
b) jismoniy og‘riqni anglatadigan undovlar-au!,autsch!,weh!;
s) taajjubni anglatadigan undovlar- ach!,ei-ei!Oh!Oho!O !;
d) qo‘rqinchni anglatadigan undovlar- Pfui!, hui!,hu!, huhu!,uh!;
e) Shubhani anglatadigan undovlar- hm,hm, hm; na,na,na;
f) Achinish, bezovtalanishni anglatadigan undovlar-ätsch!, hoho!,haha!,i!,hehehe!;
g) Nafrat, jirkanishni anglatadigan undovlar- brr,bäh,pfui, pfui äks, fi, ih, igitt,(e),äh, puh;
h) Qayg‘u, xafalikni anglatadigan undovlar-ach!, oh!,o weh,oje, ojemine, herrje, herrjemine;
i) E’tirozni va istamaslikni anglatadigan undovlar-ach (was), na;j) Qanoatlanganlikni anglatadigan undovlar-aha, hm, topp;
k) G‘azabni anglatadigan undovlar- ha,oho, oha, hoho, ih, na;

2. 
   Buyruq - xitob undovlari quyidagilar:
   

a) chaqirish undovlari-put-put,pile pile,mizi mizi, biele biele;
b) haydash undovlari – hü, hottehü-vorwärts;har, wist-links;hot-rechts;huf-zurück;
s) hayvonlarni harakatdan to‘xtatish yoki tinchlantirish maqsadida ishlatiladigan buyruq - xitob undovlari-Pat, pscht, st, sch.
Nemis tilida undovlar otlashmasa-da, lekin ulardan yangi so‘zlar yasash mumkin, masalan; ach so‘zidan ächzen, juch so‘zidan jauchzen so‘zlari yasalgan.
Misollar: O, mein Lieber, Sie sind gekommen!
O, azizim, kelibsiz-ku!
O Bestimmung des Menschen ! –O, insoniylik burchi !(J.W.Goethe,Die Leiden des jungen Werther.)
O, meine Freunde ! – O, do‘stlarim! (J.W.Goethe,Die Leiden des jungen Werther.)
„Oh, oh, oh “ murmelt Luise.- „Oh,oh,oh “ pichirladi Luiza. (Erich Kästner,Die Zwillinge)