Конструктивный синтаксис (структурный)

The category of mood
The category of mood expresses the character of connection between the process denoted by the verb and actual reality from the point of view of the speaker (характер связи между процессом и реальностью с точки зрения действительности). Thus the category of mood implies two types of relations: the relation between the action and reality and the relation between the speaker and the first relation.
This category is realized through the opposition of the direct (indicative mood forms of the verb) and the oblique mood forms. The (indicative mood forms shows that the process is real. It took place in the past, takes place in the present or will take place in the future, the oblique mood forms shows that the process is unreal.

Лекция 02.12.15
For example, If only she helped me – Если бы она пришла мне на помощь! (сожаление).
Since (так как) all the oblique mood types share a common functional bases (the meaning of unreality) they may be terminologically united as subjunctive and then several types of the subjunctive can be distinguished according to the form of expression and various shades of unreality or the attitude of the speaker expressed.

1. 
   The mood which may be called subjunctive I expresses various attitude of the speaker, desire, supposition, suggestion, inducement (побуждение; recommendation, request, command). Thus on the functional bases subjunctive I can be defined as the mood of attitude or ‘the spective mood’ (спективное наклонение). The form of subjunctive I is homonymous with the ‘bare infinitive’ (голый инфинитив – ничего кроме основы нет): no morpheme –s is added in the third person singular and the verb to be is used as the form be in all persons and numbers. For example: Whatever your mother say I won’t give up (обратим внимание что у глагола say нет окончания -s); I demand that the case be investigated thoroughly (Я требую чтобы это дело расследовали тщательно). The form of subjunctive I remains unchanged in the description of past events, for example: I demanded that the case be investigated thoroughly. In traditional grammar the so called imperative mood is distinguished. For example: open the door.
   

But there is basically no difference between the imperative and subjunctive I: the form is homonyms with the “bare infinitive” in both cases and the meaning is that of a hypothetical action treated as an object of desire, recommendation, supposition etc. The two can be substituted for each other in similar context, for example, Be careful! – I recommend you be careful! – I order you be careful! Thus the imperative mood can be treated as a subtype of subjunctive I. It must be admitted though that in British English subjunctive I has a certain stylistic flavor that the imperative does not have, for example, in high flown speech, poetic style. In American English subjunctive I is less restricted stylistically and is more widely used than in British English.

2. 
   One more type of the oblique mood may be called subjunctive II. It is traditionally referred to as ‘modal spective’ (отношение) and is built with the help of