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questions I’ll talk about.
Well, cryptography is the study of techniques of secured
communication between two, including third party. We can
easily understand it by means of an example: Imagine we live
in 18
th
century. I want to send a letter to a friend of mine, but
we can not be sure of the postman (somebody may pay him to
get my letter). So my friend creates a box with two keys, one of
them which only opens and the other only closes it. He sends
the closing key to me, so if somebody even copies it, they‘ll be
able only to close the box. I put my letter into the box and send
it to my friend. That’s all. There is also a fact that we live in
18
th
century, how can he be sure that, the letter was sent by me.
Again I create a smaller box with two keys I send the opening
key of the little box to my friend. Next I put my signature into
the small box and close it. So when my friend opens the box
with my letter he’ll be able to open the small box with my
signature as well.
It was the brief information about how the cryptography
works. Nowadays it’s a bit complicated, but the principle is the
same.
There are plenty of methods of encryption. Basically, all
methods are divided into two groups:
1. Substitution cipher
2. Permutation cipher
As I mentioned before there are keys of encryption,
which are sometimes called methods of encryption. There are
two types of keys:
1. Symmetric key
2. Asymmetric key
When the key, which decrypts the message is the same as
the key which encrypts it then it’s called symmetric key. If vice
versa, asymmetric.
One of the methods is called Caesar’s cipher. It is named
after Julius Caesar, military general of Rome Republic.
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But each cipher has its own vulnerability. So does
Caesar’s cipher.
There’s a method, which is called frequency analysis.
The main principle of this method states that each language
have the letters, which are more frequent than the others. For
example, frequency analysis shows that the most frequent letter
in English is ‘e’.
Did you know that Morse code is also related to
cryptography.
One of the greatest achievements of cryptography Is
Enigma Machine. It was invented at the end of World War I by
German engineer. It is a rotor based encryption machine. For a
long time, the working principle of this machine was a secret
for the world. Later Alan Turing, English mathematician and
logician, solved its working principle and changed the fate of
the war.
Nowadays Cryptography is the basis of internet security
and all our bank operations and internet communication is
provided by encryption.
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