Knitting technology, Third Edition

23.10
Single- or double-needle overlaps
Overlap movements are normally across only one needle space because two-needle
overlaps cause both the warp thread and the needles to be subjected to the severe

---

292
Knitting technology
strain of two simultaneous adjacent knock-over actions. In addition, different ten-
sions on the two loops in the structure adversely affect their appearance. The under-
lap between the double overlaps has the appearance of a sinker loop. Only in a few
raschel fabric structures is the double-needle overlap used and there the needles
are less easily deflected than on tricot machines, and there are no knock-over sinkers
over which to draw the loops. A single, full-threaded guide bar making a double-
needle overlap will cause each needle to receive two overlapped threads at that
course.
Fig. 23.4
Warp knitting lapping and chain notation.

---

Basic warp knitting principles
293
23.11
The five basic overlap/underlap variations
All guide bar lapping movements are composed of one or more of the following
lapping variations (Fig. 23.5):
1
An overlap followed by an underlap in the opposite direction (closed lap) 
(Fig. 23.5a).
2
An overlap followed by an underlap in the same direction (open lap) 
(Fig. 23.5b).
3
Only overlaps and no underlaps (open laps) (Fig. 23.5c).
4
Only underlaps and no overlaps (laying-in) (Fig. 23.5d).
5
Neither overlaps nor underlaps (miss-lapping) (Fig. 23.5e).
Movements 4 and 5 require the overlaps of another guide bar in front in order to
hold them into the structure.
Fig. 23.5
Overlap/underlap variations.
23.12