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Harry Potter movies
A film version of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released in late 2001 and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets in 2002.A darker atmosphere was adopted in the film version of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, attributed to the new director, Alfonso Cuarón. Rowling, who was a fan of Cuarón's work prior to the third film, has stated that the third film is her personal favourite.November 18 2005 will mark the release date of the fourth film, HarryPotter and the Goblet of Fire. Alfonso Cuarón was offered the chance to direct this installment in the series, but declined as he would still be working on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Director Mike Newell decided against the studio's original idea of adapting the 734 page book into two separate films to be released several months apart, believing that he could cut enough of the book's bulky subplots to make a workable film. The Dursleys were cut from the film due to time constraints, as was Molly Weasley. Mike Newell is the first British director of the series.Rowling resisted suggestions by the filmmakers that the movies should be filmed in the United States or cast with American actors (only one American appears in the first film). She only reluctantly agreed with changing Philosopher's Stone to Sorcerer's Stone and limited that change to the United States.
Religion, wealth and remarriage
Further information: Religious debates over the Harry Potter series
By 1998, Rowling was portrayed in the media as a "penniless divorcee hitting the jackpot".According to her biographer Sean Smith, the publicity became effective marketing for Harry Potter.But her journey from living on benefits to wealth brought, along with fame, concerns from parents about the books' portrayals of the occult and gender. Ultimately, Smith says that these concerns served to "increase her public profile rather than damage it".Rowling identifies as a Christian. Although she grew up next door to her church,accounts of the family's church attendance differ.She began attending a Church of Scotland congregation, where Jessica was christened, around the time she was writing Harry Potter.In a 2012 interview, she said she belonged to the Scottish Episcopal Church.Rowling has stated that she believes in God, but has experienced doubt and that her struggles with faith play a part in her books. She does not believe in magic or witchcraft.
Rowling married Neil Murray, a doctor, in 2001.The couple intended to marry in July of that year in the Galapagos; after a leak to the press, they delayed their wedding plans and changed their vacation destination to Mauritius. After the UK Press Complaints Commission ruled that a magazine had breached Jessica's privacy when the eight-year-old was included in a photograph of the family vacationing together,Murray and Rowling sought a more private and quiet place to live and work.Rowling purchased Killiechassie House and its estate in Perthshire, Scotland.On 26 December 2001, the couple had a small, private wedding there, officiated by an Episcopalian priest who travelled from Edinburgh. Their son, David Gordon Rowling Murray, was born in 2003,and their daughter Mackenzie Jean Rowling Murray was born in 2005.
In 2004, Forbes named Rowling "the first billion-dollar author". Rowling denied that she was a billionaire in a 2005 interview. By 2012, Forbes concluded she was no longer a billionaire due to her charitable donations and high UK taxes.She was named the world's highest paid author by Forbes in 2008, 2017 and 2019.Her UK sales total in excess of £238 million, making her the best-selling living author in Britain.The 2021 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling's fortune at £820 million, ranking her as the 196th-richest person in the UK. As of 2020, she also owns a £4.5 million Georgian house in Kensington and a £2 million home in Edinburgh.Adult fiction and Robert GalbraithIn mid-2011, Rowling left Christopher Little Literary Agency and followed her agent Neil Blair to the Blair Partnership. He represented her for the publication of The Casual Vacancy, released in September 2012 by Little, Brown and Company. It was Rowling's first since Harry Potter ended, and her first book for adults. A contemporary take on 19th-century British fiction about village life, Casual Vacancy was promoted as a black comedy,while the critic Ian Parker described it as a "rural comedy of manners".It was adapted to a miniseries co-created by the BBC and HBO.Little, Brown published The Cuckoo's Calling, the purported début novel of Robert Galbraith, in April 2013.It initially sold 1,500 copies in hardback.After an investigation prompted by discussion on Twitter, the journalist Richard Brooks contacted Rowling's agent, who confirmed Galbraith was Rowling's pseudonym. Rowling later said she enjoyed working as Robert Galbraith, a name she took from Robert F. Kennedy, a personal hero, and Ella Galbraith, a name she invented for herself in childhood. After the revelation, sales of Cuckoo's Calling escalated.
Continuing the Cormoran Strike series of detective novels, The Silkworm was released in 2014 Career of Evil in 2015; Lethal White in 2018 and Troubled Blood in 2020. Cormoran Strike, a disabled veteran of the War in Afghanistan with a prosthetic leg, is unfriendly and sometimes oblivious, but acts with a deep moral sensibility.In 2017, BBC One aired the first episode of the four-season series Strike, a television adaptation of the Cormoran Strike novels starring Tom Burke.The series was picked up by HBO for distribution in the United States and Canada.
Later Harry Potter works:
Pottermore, a website with information and stories about characters in the Harry Potter universe, launched in 2011. On its release, Pottermore was rooted in the Harry Potter novels, tracing the series's story in an interactive format. Its brand was associated with Rowling: she introduced the site in a video as a shared media environment to which she and Harry Potter fans would contribute. The site was substantially revised in 2015 to resemble an encyclopedia of Harry Potter. Beyond encyclopedia content, the post-2015 Pottermore included promotions for Warner Bros. films including Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.Harry Potter and the Cursed Child premiered in the West End in May 2016 and on Broadway in July.At its London premiere, Rowling confirmed that she would not write any more Harry Potter books.Rowling collaborated with writer Jack Thorne and director John Tiffany.Cursed Child's script was published as a book in July 2016. The play follows the friendship between Harry's son Albus and Scorpius Malfoy, Draco Malfoy's son, at Hogwarts.
The Ickabog was Rowling's first book aimed at children since Harry Potter.ickabog is a monster that turns out to be real; a group of children find out the truth about the Ickabog and save the day.Rowling released The Ickabog for free online in mid-2020, during the COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom. She began writing it as early as 2009 but set it aside to focus on other works including Casual Vacancy.Scholastic held a competition to select children's art for the print edition, which was published in the US and Canada on 10 November 2020. Profits went to charities focused on COVID-19 relief.In The Christmas Pig, a young boy loses his favourite stuffed animal, a pig, and the Christmas Pig guides him through the fantastical Land of the Lost to retrieve it.The novel was published on 12 October 2021and became a bestseller in the UK and the US.
Rowling has named Jessica Mitford as her greatest influence. She said Mitford had "been my heroine since I was 14 years old, when I overheard my formidable great-aunt discussing how Mitford had run away at the age of 19 to fight with the Reds in the Spanish Civil War", and that what inspired her about Mitford was that she was "incurably and instinctively rebellious, brave, adventurous, funny and irreverent, she liked nothing better than a good fight, preferably against a pompous and hypocritical target". As a child, Rowling read C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia, Elizabeth Goudge's The Little White Horse, Manxmouse by Paul Gallico, and books by E. Nesbit and Noel Streatfeild.Rowling describes Jane Austen as her "favourite author of all time".Rowling acknowledges Homer, Geoffrey Chaucer, and William Shakespeare as literary influences. Scholars agree that Harry Potter is heavily influenced by the children's fantasy of writers such as Lewis, Goudge, Nesbit, J. R. R. Tolkien, Ursula K. Le Guin, and Dianna Wynne Jones. According to the critic Beatrice Groves, Harry Potter is also "rooted in the Western literary tradition", including the classics.Commentators also note similarities to the children's stories of Enid Blyton and Roald Dahl. Rowling expresses admiration for Lewis, in whose writing battles between good and evil are also prominent, but rejects any connection with Dahl.
Earlier works prominently featuring characters who learn to use magic include Le Guin's Earthsea series, in which a school of wizardry also appears, and the Chrestomanci books by Jones.Rowling's setting of a "school of witchcraft and wizardry" departs from the still older tradition of protagonists as apprentices to magicians, exemplified by The Sorcerer's Apprentice: yet this trope does appear in Harry Potter, when Harry receives individual instruction from Remus Lupin and other teachers.Rowling also draws on the tradition of stories set in boarding schools, a major example of which is Thomas Hughes's 1857 volume Tom Brown's School Days.