So'z
boshi
..............................................................................................................
....................3
719
Kirish
.......................................................................................................................
................6
I bob.
Ob-havo sharoiti va inson faoliyati
I.I. Tashqi muhitni ifloslantiruvchi moddalar. Ifloslanish
darajasi
.......................................................................................................................
.............15
I.2.Odam organizmining tashqi muhit holatini baholash tizimlari
.................................15
I. 3. Inson faoliyatining asosiy turlari
.....................................................................................20
II bob. Ishlab chiqarish muhitining ob-havo sharoiti
II. 1. Inson organizmining tashqi muhitga
moslashuvi............................................................27
II. 2. Ishlab chiqarish mikroiqlimining gigienik
normalari......................................................30
II. 3. Mu'tadil ob-havo sharoitini yaratish chora-tadbiriari
………………............................35
II. 4. Ishlab chiqarish mikroiqlimini o'lchash usullari
............................................................38
II. 5. Atmosfera havosi tarkibida changlar
..............................................................................44
II. 6. Changning zararli ta'siri
................................................................................................45
II. 7. Changga qqarshi kurash chora-tadbirlari
......................................................................49
II. 8. Atmosfera havosi tarkibidagi chang miqdorini aniqlash
...............................................52
II. 9. Sanoat korxonalandagi zaharlar va zaharlanish
.............................................................56
II. 10. Zaharning organizmga tushish yo'llari va taqdiri
.........................................................58
II. 11. Ishlab chiqqarish havo muhitida zararli moddalarning
yo'l qo'ysa bo'ladigan zichlik miqdorlari
................................................................................63
III bob. Sanoat korxonalarida shamollatish qurilmalariga
qo'yiladigan asosiy talablar
.....................................................................................................68
720
III. 1. Shamollatish
usullari......................................................................................................69
III. 2. Tabiiy
shamollatish...................................................................................................
.....75
III. 3. Havoni
mo'tadillashtirish............................................................................................
...79
III.4.Havoni tozalash va atmosferaga chiqarib yuborishni tashkil
qilish.............................. 79
III. 5. Avariya shamollatish
tizimi...........................................................................................81
III. 6. Mahalliy shamollatish tizimi
........................................................................................81
III. 7. Shamollatish qurilmalarini
ishlatish...............................................................................84
IV bob Changlangan havoni tozalash qurilmalari
IV.1.Havo tozalash qurilmalariga qo'yiladigan asosiy
talablar........................................86
IV. 2. Chang tozalash
kameralari.............................................................................................89
IV. 3. Matoli
filtrlar.............................................................................................................
.....91
IV. 4.
Siklonlar.........................................................................................................
................95
V bob. Shovqindan saqlanish
5. 1. Shovqin haqida
tushincha................................................................................................97
5. 2. Shovqinning zararli ta'siri,
normalari.............................................................................101
5. 3. Shovqinni
hisoblash.......................................................................................................
104
5. 4. Shovqinga qarshi kurash
usullari...................................................................................106
5.
5.
Shovqin
to'suvchi
qopqoq,
ekran
va
kabinalar..............................................................114
721
5. 6. Shovqinga qarshi shaxsiy muhofaza
aslahalari..............................................................118
5. 7. Infra va ultra tovushlardan
saqlanish.............................................................................119
VI bob. Sanoat korxonalarini yoritish
6. 1. Yorug'likning asosiy tavsiflari va o'lchov
birliklari.......................................................122
6. 2. Sanoat korxonalarini yoritish
usullari............................................................................125
6.3. Sanoat korxonalarini yoritishga qo'yiladigan asosiy
talablar.............................128
6.4. Sun'iy yoritish
manbalari...............................................................................................130
6. 5. Yoritgichlar va ulami
joylashtirish................................................................................132
6. 6. Sun'iy yoritish
normalari................................................................................................137
6. 7. Sun'iy yoritilishni
hisoblash........................:..................................................................143
6. 8. Tabiiy yoritilish
normalari.............................................................................................146
VII bob. Magnit maydonidan saqlanish
7. 1. Elektromagnit maydonining
tavsifi................................................................................150
7.2. O'zgaruvchan elektromagnit maydonining inson organizmiga
ta'siri.............................152
7.3. Elektromagnit maydonining normalari. muhofaza
usullari................................154
7.4. O'lchov asboblari
...........................................................................................................158
7.5. Lazer nurlaridan
saqlanish..............................................................................................159
VIII bob. Radioaktiv nurlanishlardan saqlanish.
8.1. Radioaktiv nurlanishlar va ularning
xossalari................................................................161
8.2. Radioaktiv nurlarning inson organizmiga
ta'siri.............................................................163
8.3. Nurlanish
normalari........................................................................................................
722
165
8.4. Radioaktiv nurlanishlarga qarshi kurash chora-
tadbirlari………………………….......168
8.5. O'lchash asboblari
..........................................................................................................171
8.6. Shaxsiy muhofaza aslahalari
..........................................................................................171
IX bob. Texnika vositalarida xavf-xatarlar va ulardan
muhofazalanish
9.1. Xavf-xatar haqida tushinchalar va ulanii tahlil
qilish.....................................................174
9.2. Xavfhing son
ko'rsatgichi...............................................................................................181
9.3. Jarohatlanish, baxtsiz hodisa va kasb
kasalliklari..........................................................182
9.4. Sanoat korxonalarida baxtsiz hodisalarni va kasb kasal-
liklarini tekshirish va hisobga
olish.............................……...................................................184
9.5. Sanoat jarohatlanishi va kasb kasalliklarini o’rganish
usullari................................186
9.6. Sanoat jarohatlanishi sabablarini tahlil
qilish.................................................................186
X bob. Elektr xavfsizligi
10.1. Inson tanasiga elektr tokining ta’siri
...........................................................................192
10.2. Inson tanasining elektr tokiga ko’satayotgan
qarshiligi………………………............195
10.3. Insonni elektr tokidan shikastlanishining asosiy
omili….............................................198
10.4. Elektr toki ta’siriga tushib qolishdan himoya
usullari..................................................201
10.5. Elektr qurilmalarini himoya
vositalari………..............................................................211
XI bob. Elektr himoya vositalari
11.1. Umumiy
tushuncalar……………………………….....................................................
243
11.2. Kuchlanishi 1000Vgacha bo’lgan elektr uskunalariga xizmat vaqtida
qo’llaniladigan himoya
723
vositalari.........................................................................................................
...........244
11.3. Kuchlanishi 1000Vgacha bo’lgan elektr uskunalarida xizmat
doirasida qollaniladigan himoya
vositalari….....................................................................................................
..........249
11.4. Elektr xavfsizligini tashkiliy chora-
tadbirlari…..........................................................253
11.5. Elektr tokidan jarohatlanganda birinchi tibbiy
yordam……………………………....256
XII bob. Yong’in havsizligi
12.1. Yong’in havsizligi bo’yicha umumiy
ma’lumotlar………………………………......262
12.2. Yong’in va portlash
sabablari…………………...........................................................264
12.3. Elektr qurilmalarida yong’inni
o’chirish………..........................................................268
XIII bob. Sanoatda xavfsizlik
vositalari................................................................................272
13.1. Xavfsizlikni ta'rninlovchi asosiy shartlar
.....................................................................274
13.2. Mashinalarning xavili zonalari..
...................................................................................276
13.3. Muhofazalovchi to'siq vositalari
..................................................................................278
13.4. Saqlovchi muhofaza vositalari
.....................................................................................281
13.5. Blokirovka qurilmalari..
...............................................................................................284
13.6. Signal tizimlari...
..........................................................................................................287
13.7. Yuk ko'tarish mashinalarida ishlaganda xavfsizlikni
ta'minlash.. .................289
XIV bob. Mehnatni muhofaza qilish qonunlari va tashkiliy asoslari
14.1. Mehnat qilish
qonunlari................................................................................................292
14.2. Mehnatni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha davlat
nazorat tashkilotlari va jamoat nazorati..
..............................................................................296
724
14.3. Ma'muriyatning xavfsiz va sog'lom ish sharoitini tashkil qilish
majburiyatlari...........301
14.4. Mehnatni muhofaza qilishning nomenklatura chora-
tadbirlari..........................302
14.5. Xavfsizlik texnikasi muhandisining
vazifalari.............................................................304
14.6. Mehnatni muhofaza qilish qoidalari, me'yor
va yo'riqnomalarini buzganlik uchun
javobgarlik................................................................306
14.7. Yo'riqnomalar o'tkazish va ishchilarni xavfsiz ishlash
usullariga
o'rgatish..........................................................................................................
.......308
14.8. Mehnatni muhofaza qilish
kabiiieti.................................................... ..........................311
XV bob. Sanoat korxonalarini qurish va ishlatishda mehnatni muhofaza
qilishga qaratilgan chora- tadbirlar
15.1 Sanoat korxonalarini qurish va ishlatishga qo'yiladigan asosiy
talablar..................314
15.2. Mashinasozlik sanoati korxonasini qurish uchun maydon
tanlash............................................................................................................
........................315
15.3. Sanoat korxonasi
hududi...............................................................................................317
15.4. Sanoat korxonasi xonalari
............................................................................................318
15.5. Sanoat korxonalarini suv bilan ta'minlash va kanalizatsiya
tizimlari ..........................321
15.6. Yordamchi bino va yordamchi xonalar
........................................................................323
XVI bob. Fuqorolar muhofazasi
16.1. Fuqorolar mufofazasining asosiy
vazifalari................................................................. 327
16.2. Bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan tabiiy ofatlarning qisqacha
tavsil………....................……. 331
16.3. Zilzilalar, vulqonlar otilishi va yerga meteoritlarning
tushishi.........................334
16.4. Mo'maqaldiroq, chaqmoq, do'l, qurg'oqchilik va boshqa tabiat
odisalari....................352
725
16.5. Tabiiy ofatlardan muhofazalanish
yo'llari....................................................................360
16.6.Aholini va aholi vashash hududlarini tinchlik sharoitda
favqulodda hodisalar vaqtida xavfsiziigini
ta'minlash……………………………….............................................363
16.7. Kimyoviy xavf
manbalari.............................................................................................375
16.8.Radiatsivaga xavfli
obvektlar.........................................................................................378
XVII bob. Yong'inni oldini olishga qaratilgan chora-tadbirlar
17.1.Yonish
jarayoni..........................................................................................................
....384
17.2. Yonish
turlari..............................................................................................................
..385
17.3.Gazsimon moddalarning vonish va portlash xususiyat
lari......................................390
17.4.Qattiq moddalarning yonish va yong’inga xavflilik
xususivatlari...........................393
17.5. Changlarning yonishi va poitlash
xususiyatlari............................................................394
17.6. Sanoat korxonalariniiig yongshiga va portiashga
xavfi bo'yicha
toifa1ari.........................................................................................................
395
17.7. Sanoat korxonulaianni loyihalash va qurishda
yong'inga qarshi kurash tadbirlari..............................
...........................................................400
17.8. Sanoat korxonasi hududini zonalarga
ajratish..............................................................403
17.9. Yong'inga qarshi oraliqlar............. ..... ...........
……………………………….............404
17.10. Yong’inga qarshi
to'siq...............................................................................................405
15.11. Evakuatsiya
yo'llari.....................................................................................................405
17.12.Yong'in bolgan xonalardagi tutunni chiqanb
yuborish vositalari
726
.................................................................................................................406
17.13. Elektr asboblari bilan ishlaganda yong'in
xavfsiziigini ta'mimash..
.......................................................................................................407
17.14 Isitish va shamoliatish
tizimlari.................................................................................409
17.15 Issiqiik ajralavchi jihozlarda yong’inni oldini
olish....................................................410
17.16 Yashin
qaytargichlar..................................................................................................
..411
17.17 Yong’nga qarshi ishlatiladigan texnik
qurilmalar........................................................412
17.18 O’t o'chirish
vositalari.................................................................................................415
17 19 Karbonat kislotaiar yordamida
o’chirish.,...................................................................422
17.20. Maxsus kimyoviy vositalar yordamida
o'chirish........................................................424
17.21. Avtomatik o’t o'chirish
vositalari................................................................................425
17.22. Yong'inga qarshi kurash xizmatini tashkil
qilish........................................................426
XVIII bob. Ish joylarini atstatsiya qilish
18.1. Ish joylari tizimining takomillashtirilishining uslubiy
uammolari………….………..428
18.2. Ish joylarini atstatsiya
qilish…………………………………………….……………430
18.3. Ish joylari tizimini mukammallashtirishning uslubiy
muammolari………………………………………………………………
……..……………….432
18.4. Ish joylarini atstatsiya qilish
ob’ekti……………………………………..…….……..435
18.5. Ish joylarini texnologik va tashkiliy
ta’minoti………………………………..………440
18.6. Ish joylari maydonlarini oqilona
rejalashtirish…………………………………….…441
18.7. Atstatsiya qilishni tashkiliy va uslubiy
taminlash…………………………………….429
727
18.8. Ish joylari sonini aniqlash
usullari…………………………………………..………..444
18.9. Ish joylari o’tacha yillik sonini aniqlash va hisobga olish
tartibi…………………………………………………............................
....................……..445
18.10. Atstatsiya qilishda ish joylarini taxlil qilish
usullari……..........................................447
18.11. Ish joylari pasporti…………………………………..451
XXI- bob Hayot faoliyati xavfsizligi asoslari
19.1. Hayot faoliyat xavfsizligi asosiy tushuncha va
ta’riflari…………….............……….461
19.2. Tavakkal nazariyasining asosiy
qoida………...............................................…………468
19.3. Xavfsizlikning tizimli
taxlili..………………...............................................…………473
19.4. Faoliyat xavfsizligini boshqarishning uslubiy
asoslari………………….....…………479
19.5. Faoliyatni tashkil qiluvchilarga
ajratsh…..………................................................…..480
19.6. Faoliyat xavfsizligini ta’minlash prinsip, usul va
vositalari………............………….482
19.7. Faoliyat xavfsizligi erganomik
asoslari……................................................…………488
19.8. Faoliyat xavfsizligi
psixologoyasi…………………................................................…498
19.9. Xavfsizlikni ta’minlashda inson analizatorlari
roli…...............................................…504
XX-bob. Videoterminallardagi xavfsizlik
muammolari…..............................................…..513
20.1. Kompyuterda ishlash
xususiyatlari…………………...............................................…517
20.2. Kompyuterda ishlaganda yuz beradigan zararli va
xavfli
faktorlar………………………………….……......................................…
………….521
20.3.Kompyuterda ishlagandaxavfsizlik sanitary-gigienik, tashkiliy-
texnikaviy, erganomik va proflatik chora-
tadbirlar…….................................................................................................
536
728
20.4. Ish joyida va honada akustika komfortni
ta`minlash………............................………577
XULOSA…………………………………......................................………
……………....600
ILOVALAR………………………………………………….................
.......................…...603
Tayanch so’zlar, iboralar va asosiy
tushunchalar……………......................................……620
O’zbekiston Respublikasi Qonun va Qarorlari
to’plami……........................................……634
Fovdalanilgan
adabivotlar.....................................................................................................
.823
Mundaraja………………………………………………………………
……………...…...825
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