Kenneth C. Laudon,Jane P. Laudon Management Information System 12th Edition pdf

Internet2

and Next-Generation Internet (NGI) are consortia representing

200 universities, private businesses, and government agencies in the United

States that are working on a new, robust, high-bandwidth version of the

Internet. They have established several new high-performance backbone net-

works with bandwidths reaching as much as 100 Gbps. Internet2 research

groups are developing and implementing new technologies for more effective

routing practices; different levels of service, depending on the type and impor-

tance of the data being transmitted; and advanced applications for distributed

computation, virtual laboratories, digital libraries, distributed learning, and tele-

immersion. These networks do not replace the public Internet, but they do pro-

vide test beds for leading-edge technology that may eventually migrate to the

public Internet.

INTERNET SERVICES AND COMMUNICATION TOOLS

The Internet is based on client/server technology. Individuals using the

Internet control what they do through client applications on their computers,

such as Web browser software. The data, including e-mail messages and Web

pages, are stored on servers. A client uses the Internet to request information

from a particular Web server on a distant computer, and the server sends the

requested information back to the client over the Internet. Chapters 5 and 6

describe how Web servers work with application servers and database servers

to access information from an organization’s internal information systems

applications and their associated databases. Client platforms today include

not only PCs and other computers but also cell phones, small handheld digital

devices, and other information appliances.

I n t e r n e t   S e r v i c e s

A client computer connecting to the Internet has access to a variety of services.

These services include e-mail, electronic discussion groups, chatting and

instant messaging,