Oy tunda kerak, Aql kunda kerak.
Maqolda antiteza hodisasi ko‘p uchraydi. Masalan,
Kattaga hurmatda bo‘l, kichikka izzatda bo‘l. Yaxshidan ot qoladi, yomondan dod qoladi.
Quyida A.V.Kuninning ingliz tilida ajratgan to‘rtta asosiy sturuktur - semantik turdagi matallaridan
faqat uch turdagi matallarning o‘zbek tiliga uslubiy jihatdan tarjimasi masalalarini ko‘rib chiqamiz.
1.
Komponentlari bir-biriga doimiy tobe matallar bo‘lib, bunday matallardagi komponentlarni
o‘zgartirib bo‘lmaydi va boshqa so‘zlar qo‘shish yo‘li bilan ularning ma’nosini kengaytirish
mumkin emas. Masalan:
“That's a horse of another colour”, be laughed. (J. London).
“0f, see that's a horseo quite another colour, and alters the case entirely”. (T. Lyeh, Sland, Phrase and
diom on Cohoqual English and their use).
Bu misollardagi that is a horse of another colour (muqobil varianti that is another pair of shoes)
matali o‘zbekcha - bu butunlay boshqa gap deb tarjima qilinadi.
“You age noblest que I never met”. “Its (be other way around. The shoe ison (be other foot”. (S.
Vehow).“Vut (be story was grand just (be same, perfect grand. Where age you going - Misollarda -
(be shoe is on (be other foot matali o‘zbekchaga – Vaziyat o‘zgardi – kabi tarjima qilinadi.
“The answer is a lemon”- bu nayranging ketmaydi, kabi matallar ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida o‘z holicha
gap yoki qo‘shma gaplarning tarkibida kelishi mumkin. Hamma yuqorida keltirilgan misollar soda
gaplardir.
JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES
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Volume: 02 Issue: 02 | 2022
ISSN: 2181-2594
Journal of Innovations in Social Sciences
104
Matallarning ko‘p qismi soda gap bo‘lishiga qaramasdan, ulardan ba’zilari ergash gap ham bo‘lib
keladi.
Masalan, “Never mind”, returned (be Captain, (bous be was evidently dismayed be (be figures; “ans
fish that comes (o your net, I suppose?”. “Certainly”, said Mr.Vrogly, “But spratsan't whales, You
know”.
2
Bu gapdagi “An is fish that comes (o his net” O‘zbekchaga u hech narsadan “qaytmaydi”, u har bir
narsadan foyda chiqaradi”, tarzida tarjima qilinadi.
2.
Ko‘p matallar o‘z variantlariga ega. Matallarning ko‘plikqismini tashkil qiladigan leksik
variantlaridan tashqari leksik morfologik va hapxil strukturaga ega bo‘lgan matallar ham mavjud.
And no one is the wiser (nobody being (be wiser, nobody the wiser) - iziyo‘qoldi: qoryog‘di,
izlarbosishdi. Tuya ko‘rdingmi? - yo‘q. What good wind brings you here? (What wind blows you
here?) - Sizniqaysishamolo‘chiribkeltirdi.
Ingliz tilida yuqoridagi struktur-semantik turdagi matallar, ya’niochiq strukturali oborotlar ham
uchraydi.
Ko‘p matallarda olmoshlarni somebody, something, one'so‘zgartirish mumkin. Matallarning ko‘p
qismida one'solmoshi o‘zgartiriladi. Maqollarga esa bunday o‘zgarishlar xos emas. Anone'sgeese are
swans– U hamma narsani bo‘rttirib yuboradi.
“Yes said Soames; “I daresay; you think an your geese are swans-never painter who didn't”.
Anone'sgeese are swans– U hamma narsani bo‘rttirib yuboradi.
“Yes said Soames; “I daresay; you think an your geese are swans-never painter who didn't”.
Ba’zi bir matallarda one's olmoshi birinchi component bo‘lib keladi.
One's cards are on the (able- o‘zsiriniochib, bildirib qo‘ymoq, niyatini fosh qilib qo‘ymoq.
One's sur is full- Uningtoqatitoqbo‘ldi.
One's days are numbered- Uning besh kuni bormi, yo‘qmi.
One's hair stands on end- Sochlarim tik turibketdi; jon-ponim qolmadi; esim chiqib ketdi.
One's number is ur- Omadi ketdi; davri o‘tgan; sharti ketib parti qolgan.
Yuqoridagi struktur-semantik turdagi matallarning qo‘llanilishiga bir qancha misollar keltiramiz.
Protens: No, King Magnus, our cards are on the table. What have you say?. You may not know it,
Wassermann, but yoir days are numbered. (T.Dodd).
The parson's hair fairly stood on end when be heard the evil tune raging through the church.
Matalga
fairly ravishining
qo‘shilishi
frazeologik
birikmaning
ekspressivligini
kuchaytiradi.
“Leave that place out- or your number's ur”.
“We know, our numbers are ur, so let's get them quickly”.
3.
Komponentlari bir-biriga doimiy tobe matallar bo‘lib, bunday matallardagi komponentlarni
o‘zgartirib bo‘lmaydi va boshqa so‘zlar qo‘shish yo‘li bilan ularning ma’nosini kengaytirish
mumkin emas. Masalan:
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