John Field Universities of Reading and Cambridge, uk

3. Enable. Short term techniques

• We can design a long-term developmental programme based upon:
• Familiarising the listener with L2 input
• Training the listener in L1 processes.
• But meanwhile the learner needs strategies for making sense of what she hears despite limited language knowledge
• a. to participate in L2 encounters
• b. to benefit from real-world sources
• c. to sustain motivation

Explicit teaching of listening strategies

• Raise awareness of strategy use.
• Present the strategies one by one.
• Practise the strategies individually.
• Learners evaluate their own strategy use.