DETERMINATION OF CONTENT STROITELNYX MATERIALS
1
Teshaboeva Nodira Djuraevna,
2
G’ulomiddinov Sarvarjon G’ayratjonovich
1
senior lecturer at Fergana Polytechnic Institute.
teshaboyeva53@inbox.ru
.
2
asistent Farg’ona politexnika institute Sarvarjon1991@
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Annotation: The creation of building materials with the desired properties is
considered in terms of solving the problem of the essence of the experimental
properties. Consolidation of finely dispersed mineral components can be achieved
by creating bonding properties in the system of target components. The use of
man-made wastes as components of a multi-component system is envisaged.
Keywords: industrial waste, context, raw materials, finely dispersed,
consolidation, concrete, brick, ceramics, multi-component system, building
materials
Ongoing global climate change makes it very promising for construction in
the Central Asian region. This primarily puts the solution to the problem of
estimating the construction process with the necessary materials. However, the
main sources of mineral raw materials do not always have sufficient reserves and,
most importantly, the quality of mineral raw materials often does not meet the
required technological criteria. This is especially true for clay deposits, which are
the main material for the production of building bricks and ceramics.Creating
composite materials is a solution to this problem. Concrete, artificial stone, is the
most well-known and oldest representative of composite materials.
Although modern concrete technology is believed to have been p roposed in
1844. (I. Johnson), there are reports that special polymer concrete was used during
the construction of the ancient Egyptian pyramids. The creation of new comp osite
materials and their use at all stages of the construction process is taking p lace in a
growing number of paintings in recent decades. This is due to the objective factors
of industrialization:
1) accumulation of natural mineral resources,
2) sharp intensification of construction,
3) new requirements for construction materials,
4) geometric increase in the volume of man-made waste and the need for their
disposal.
As a result of the combination of these factors, many new composite materials
have emerged that are used both in the main load-bearing structures of buildings
and as decoration materials. However, energy waste (ash), mining (silicate
materials), metal and wood processing (metal and wood shavings, shavings) and
other industries have found use: in various technologies of composite materials
(including concrete), the main point to a consolidated matrix called the p rocess of
combining finely dispersed components.
It depends on the bonding properties of the component system used. In the
science of building materials, as in the science of the processes of building
materials, the question of the nature of the bonding properties is not solved. The
appearance of the binding properties is related to a specific component in the
system. A classic example is cement as a carrier of binding properties in a concrete
system. This determines the empirical level of modern building materials science,
which limits the scope of its development in both directions: scientific and
technological.
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"Natural Technology." The problems of modern industrial society make such a
formulation of the problem relevant, and it applies only to the construction
industry. With further development of metamorphism, granites are already formed
in the magmatic phase (melting). The geological process serves as a natural
technology of building materials science. Minerals on Earth are in a constant
process of change. Deep magma pours to the surface, solidifies, and forms a fused
rock. Under the influence of external factors, this rock material disappears (called
the “weathering” process), turning into loose sedimentary rocks . Their main
components: clay, sand, limestone - are the main mineral raw materials for the
construction industry.
In the process of geological evolution, these loose masses undergo
metamorphism, which is a process of structural and chemical change, resulting in
their fusion and the formation of shale rocks. With further development of
metamorphism, granites are already formed in the magmatic phase (melting).
Granites are the most common type of rock in the Earth's crust. They have high
density (2,400-3,000kg / m3), full crystal structure, isotropic structure and are
among the most durable natural materials. The mechanical parameters of granites
are much higher than those of the most durable bricks. For example, the
compressive strength is less than 300MPa and 150MPa, respectively. Granite
material can withstand 200 cycles of freezing and thawing without breaking; brick,
maximum 15 cycles and so on.
Thus, in all operational properties, natural stone materials are far superior to
artificial ones. Hence the natural question arises, what is the natural mechanism of
combining finely dispersed components into a monolithic material? The answer is
to conduct complex physical and chemical research. However, one thing that is
clear from the nature of the natural processes of mineral formation and the
technology of building materials is the constant participation of water in the
process of transforming these thin components into a consolidated matrix. ...
Moreover, water has been proven to play a key role in this process.
Consequently, the establishment of a mechanism for the conversion and
consolidation of natural minerals will answer questions about the nature of binding
properties and make construction technologies as targeted as possible.The answer
to this question is the result of many years of research on natural minerals and their
transformation processes [1]. The main role of the aqua-complex [2SiO3 - OX2 -
Mn + 2Mm + O`4] (Fig. 1) was based on the law of evolution in addition to
physicochemical substances, as well as physicochemical, geological, mineralogical
and geochemical data sets.
It is shown that aqua-complex minerals are universal crystal-chemical cells
("basic building block"): 1) diversity of mineral species (all minerals without
exception are products of aqua-complex); 2) structural and chemical changes in the
substance of rocks (range of aqua-complex mineral reactions); 3) the p resence of
geochemical associations (stable combinations of elements); 4) formation of
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granite solution (aqua-complex granite solution is a "unit cell") (Fig. 2b); 5) energy
conversion in mineral systems.
The last, energetic feature of the aqua complex is the key. It is the need to
change the energy of the mineral system that is the reason for “life,” that is.
Changes in matter on Earth. This feature allows us to construct all geological
processes in a single evolutionary sequence and explain the formation of mineral
and non-metallic (oil and gas, diamond) mineral deposits.
The aqua complex is a solution to the problem of water binding in a mineral
(aluminosilicate) system in its specific crystal-chemical form (Fig. 1). This
solution answers the question of the nature of binding properties. A classic
example here is the artificial cement system. In this system, the artificial
combination of Ca and Si is of key importance. This reaction, which takes place at
a temperature of about 1300 ° C, results in the formation of cement clinker
minerals. Clinker is bonded to a monolithic matrix in a stoichiometric ratio of
ingredients (called a paste or “C ─ S ─ X” system) in the process of combining
minerals with water (“mixing”). The process has several stages: tuning, hardening
and hardening. DA eventually, as the volume of the substance decreases,
“shrinkage” occurs.
The system "S ─ S ─ X" changes, which reveals the mechanism of the concep t
of the aqua complex. First, calcium and silicon are antagonistic elements relative to
their chemical bond with water, i.e. due to their inclusion in the dynamic
composition of the aqua complex. This is because the combined energy structure of
the aqua-complex requires the exchange of valence electrons from the elements
included in the intermediate structure, so silicon is the main constituent element of
the aqua-complex and is easily bound to water.
Ca (as well as Sr and Ba) cannot bond to water in the aqua complex due to the
structural properties of the outer electron shells. As a result, calcium cannot replace
Mn + on the right side of the aqua-complex. This is due to the distinct role of
calcium in the metabolism of living things and in the metabolism of minerals. This
also explains the need for large energy costs in the artificial p roduction of small
amounts of natural minerals - calcium silicates and clinker minerals [1,2].
A practical confirmation of this consolidation mechanism in a concrete system
is its behavior during operation. In particular, to explain the causes of man -made
disasters of large concrete structures. [3]. From the above point of view, the reason
for the incomp rehensible explosions of concrete is its limited energy capacity as a
synthetic material. This is because concrete, unlike natural granite and other
silicate rocks, has a network of calcium atoms that are regularly located in the
structure. Because they do not have access to aqua-complexes, they do not allow
the use of this space to remove excess energy from the environment.
Under certain conditions, the main thing is the composition of the rocks, the
construction of objects in tectonic stress zones (hydroelectric reservoirs) can lead
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to the accumulation of deformation energy in concrete and the explosion of the
material when critical stresses are reached. This explains a well-known
phenomenon: the “stone-concrete collision”. The nature of the binding properties,
which is explained in terms of the aqua-complex concept, has clear practical
application prospects for the purposeful creation of composite materials.
Understanding the technological role of mineral components in terms of
maximizing the binding properties in the system is the basis for creating new
composite materials with the desired properties with the maximum reduction in the
cost of process technology. This can be achieved through the use of man -made
waste. The development of cement-free technology based on the use of man -made
waste only in the stone cutting, wood processing and energy (ash) industries is of
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