Islom karimov nomidagi

3. Safety statistics

To conduct a safety analysis, safety statistics are used, which are divided into absolute and relative, as well as a comprehensive (integral) safety indicator. The basis for determining flight safety indicators is statistical data determined for each analyzed period of aircraft operation, such as the total number of aviation events (incidents, aircraft damage), total raid, raid by type of aircraft.

3.1. Absolute safety performance. Absolute safety indicators take into account the absolute values ​​of the aviation events that have occurred. These indicators can be determined both for the aircraft fleet as a whole, and for specific types of aircraft.

Absolute statistical safety indicators are divided into:

• general absolute statistical indicators - the total number of aviation events (aircraft accidents, incidents, damage to aircraft, engines) for the analyzed period;

• private absolute statistical indicators - the number of aviation events for one or more indicators, such as a change in flight plan, type of special situation in flight.

3.2. Relative safety performance. Relative statistical safety indicators are defined as the ratio of absolute statistical indicators to the number of flights (operations) performed or the flight time of the aircraft flight. Relative safety statistics are more universal assessment criteria.
Among the relative statistical safety indicators are:

• general relative statistical safety indicators - the average raid per incident for the analyzed period of operation, which occurred in the aircraft fleet as a whole for a particular type of aircraft. It is defined as the ratio of flight time (T) of the aircraft fleet (aircraft type) to the number of incidents (nintz) in the aircraft fleet (aircraft type):

TINC = T / nint.

In addition, the analysis uses the K1000 coefficient - the number of incidents per 1000 hours of flight time, which is determined by the following formula:

K1000 = nintz / Tx1000;

• private relative safety indicators - the average raid on one incident that occurred for a specific reason: on one incident that occurred at a particular stage of the flight, etc.

3.3. A comprehensive (integral) safety indicator. In addition to determining the absolute and relative statistical safety indicators for assessing the state of flight safety, and therefore its level, a comprehensive (integral) safety indicator can be used, which is a weighted average relative statistical indicator of the number of special situations.

A special situation (SS) is an aviation event characterized as a complication of flight conditions, a difficult situation, an emergency, a catastrophic situation, the occurrence of which is associated with the influence of adverse factors or their combination at any stage of the flight, leading to a decrease in flight safety.

Catastrophic situation (CS) - a special situation in which the occurrence of the prevention of death or loss of the aircraft is almost impossible.

Emergency situation (ES) is a special situation characterized by a significant increase in the psychophysiological load on the crew, deterioration of flight performance, stability, controllability and leading to the achievement (exceeding) of the limiting restrictions of flight conditions.

A difficult situation (DS) is a special situation characterized by a noticeable increase in the psychophysiological load on the crew or a deterioration in the stability, controllability, flight characteristics, or one or more flight parameters exceeding operational limits, but without reaching limiting restrictions and calculated flight conditions.

Complicating flight conditions (CFC) is a special situation characterized by a slight increase in the psychophysiological load on the crew or a slight deterioration in the characteristics of stability, handling or flight characteristics.

The calculation of a comprehensive (integral) safety indicator is performed according to the following formula:

  n (complicating flight conditions, difficult situation, emergency situation, catastrophic situation) - the number of aviation events associated with the occurrence of special situations during the flight, evaluated as complicating flight conditions, difficult situation, emergency situation or catastrophic situation;

N - the number of hours of flight flight time;

K (complicating flight conditions, difficult situation, emergency situation, catastrophic situation) - coefficient taking into account the share of the influence of each type of special situation in flight on flight safety in general.

The calculation of the indicated safety indicator can be performed both for a particular type of aircraft and for the entire aircraft fleet as a whole. Therefore, when calculating, respectively, the number of aviation events and the raid for an individual type of aircraft or for the aircraft fleet as a whole is used.

The degree of danger of incidents is determined by experts, and each event is assigned its own hazard coefficient:

K(complicating flight conditions)= 1; K(difficult situation) = 10; K(emergency situation) = 1000; K (catastrophic situation) = 10000.

The resulting total integral indicator, determined on the basis of safety statistics for the analyzed period, is estimated in the following ranges:

100–99.900% Required Range — Safety Level High

99,900–99,000% Aviation Safety Level Average

99,000–90,000% Low Flight Safety

90,000–0% Safety Risk
Doing independent work allows the student to better understand the materials of lecture, practical and laboratory studies. In this discipline, it is recommended that she prepare independent work in the form of abstracts or presentations and report to the teacher.

For self-preparation, the following topics are recommended:

1. 
   Document Review of DOC 9859 AN/474.
   
2. 
   Basic flight safety concepts.
   
3. 
   Introduction to the safety management concept.
   
4. 
   Hazards.
   
5. 
   Safety risks.
   
6. 
   ICAO Safety Management SARPs.
   
7. 
   Introduction to the concept of safety management systems.
   
8. 
   SMS planning.
   
9. 
   Functions of SMS.
   
10. 
    Phased approach to SMS implementation.
    
11. 
    State Flight Safety Program of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
    
12. 
    ICAO Accident / Incident Data Reporting System (ADREP.
    
13. 
    Emergency planning.
    
14. 
    Relevant ICAO guidance material.
    
15. 
    Appendix 8 to the Chicago Convention.
    
16. 
    Amendment 8 to Annex 6 of the Chicago Convention.
    
17. 
    Automated Flight Safety System.
    
18. 
    The main features of the classification of accidents and aircraft incidents.
    
19. 
    General concepts about systems and systems approach.
    
20. 
    Restrictions and conditions of aircraft operation.
    
21. 
    The main directions of improving safety.
    
22. 
    Construction plan of the international airport "ENISITI".
    
23. 
    Convergent Runway Operations.
    
24. 
    Commercial flights at the international airport "ANDS-CITY".