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• Peri-nipple incision with duct stretch and/or
division leaving a small (2 mm) scar. This is reliable,
with single satisfactory treatment in > 95%. Should
recurrence occur, the operation may simply be
repeated or a ‘flap’ technique used.
• Areolar flaps are used to provide an hammock
beneath the nipple. Whilst almost entirely
guaranteed, it leaves visible scars on the areola and
breast-feeding will be impossible.
Background
Inverted nipples occur when the nipple retracts into the
breast instead of pointing outwards. It relatively common
and occurs in as many as 10–20% of women in the UK.
Importantly, if inverted nipples appear suddenly, you
should attend a Breast Clinic without delay, particularly if
associated with any lump or discharge. Nipple inversion
may also occur after rapid major weight loss.
Many women are concerned about breast feeding, but it is
worth remembering that if there is nothing upon which
the baby can latch for suckling, it is likely to be
impossible.
The nipples are pulled in by a combination of short ducts
and fibrosis. Three grades of severity are recognised,
based on ease of correction and degree of fibrosis.
Grade 1 Inverted Nipples – evert spontaneously or with
minimal manipulation. Although projection may be
maintained for a short time, nipple retraction is usually
spontaneous. These ‘shy nipples’ have minimal fibrosis
and non-contracted lactiferous ducts so breast feeding
may still be possible.
Grade 2 Inverted Nipples – can be pulled out, though not
as easily as grade 1. They tend to retract soon after after
release. Breast feeding is generally either difficult or
impossible due to the presence of a moderate degree of
fibrosis. The milk ducts are mildly retracted and usually
need to be divided for adequate release and satisfactory
treatment.
Grade 3 Inverted Nipples are severely inverted and
retracted nipples such that many have never been seen.
No amount of digital manipulation produces eversion
and surgery is the only option. The milk ducts are
constricted, fibrosis is severe and breast feeding
impossible. Women may also struggle with infections,
rashes and nipple hygiene. The nipple tissue itself is also
usually underdeveloped so even surgical release may not
produce much of a projection.
Post-Operative Advice
You should avoid strenuous exertion for 1 – 2 weeks
after inverted nipple correction surgery. There will be
some discomfort as the anaesthetic wears off, but
Paracetamol is very useful and can be taken regularly.
Bruising is rare and the majority are back at work within
a week of the operation. Overall healing and recovery
time is of the order 4 – 6 weeks.
Both techniques use absorbable sutures, which
disappear over the following weeks. Sponge dressings
will be used to prevent the nipples being pressed back
in and producing a recurrence. They should be left
untouched and dry for a week. Complications are rare,
but include active scarring, bleeding, infection, altered
sensitivity and recurrence.
INVERTED NIPPLE
CORRECTION SURGERY
Before considering cosmetic surgery other options have
often be tried. Most women will have tried suction
devices such as Avent’s Niplette, but its success is
limited by the shortness of the cords.
Pre-Operative Consultation
Operative Reconstruction
Treatment of inverted nipples is usually performed
under local anaesthetic (LA). Although it stings
momentarily during injection, it rapidly numbs the area
to allow pain-free cosmetic surgery.
The 2 main options are: