Introduction to Satellite Communication 3rd Edition

Q
169–70
Q-band, 35–36
amplitude and (APSK), 171–72
Quadrature PSK (QPSK), 170, 171
quadrature (QPSK), 170, 171
R
Physical launch interfaces, 359–60
Radio frequency equipment, 299–305
Plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH),
antenna beam pointing, 302
152, 310
antennas, 300–302
Point-to-multipoint networks, 88–104
downconverters, 304
content distribution networks (CDNs),
high-power amplifiers, 302–4
97–99
RF combining, 305
DTH television, 96–97
upconverters, 304
illustrated, 70
uplink power control (UPC), 305
mobile satellite communications,
See also
Earth stations
99–104
Radio frequency interference (RFI), 24
video distribution, 89–96
in drift orbit, 344
See also
Satellite networks
occurrence, 82
Point-to-point networks, 104–5
presence of, 118
illustrated, 70
shared frequency band and, 33
See also
Satellite networks
shielding, 32
Polarization, 119–23
Rain attenuation, 35, 127–29
circular, 122–23
elevation angle versus, 128
isolation, 121, 122
frequency versus, 128
Rain model, 128–29
linear, 119–22
Reaction control system (RCS), 276–78
Power balance equation, 146–47
defined, 276
Power levels, 13
diagram, 276
Prime focus fed parabola, 300–301
fuel allocation, 346–49
Propagation losses, 123–33
Receive-only (RO) Earth stations, 88
absorption, 125–27
Receiving stations, 139–40
diffraction, 130–31
IF-to-baseband chain, 140
free-space, 124–25
LNAs, 139–40
in link budget, 147
LNBs, 140
multipath, 131–33
Redundancy switching, 219–24
rain attenuation, 127–29
2/3 switch, 221–22
refraction, 129–30
C switch, 222
scattering, 130–31
R switch, 222–24
shadowing, 130–31
S switch, 220–21
Protocol gateways, 86
Reflector antennas, 243–51
Proton, 356–58
center-fed parabolic, 246–49
Breeze M upper stage, 357–58
design, 245
defined, 356–57
dual geometries, 246
first stage, 357
far-field pattern, 252
missions launch, 357
focus-fed parabolic, 245
third stage, 357
offset-fed parabolic, 249–51
Pulsed plasma thruster (PPT), 278
reflecting surfaces, 245
See also
Antennas
Pyramidal horns, 238

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442
Index
Refraction, 129–30
S
Regional African Satellite
SATCOM (WGS) satellites, 67–68
Communications (RASCOM), 60
Satellite communication
Remote control, 20
advancing technology, 424–25
Repeaters
advantages, 7–11
analog, 208
bandwidth availability, 7–8
architecture, 212–15
broadcast feature, 420–21
channelized, 141
cost per added site, 10
demod-remod, 215–16
coverage, 7
digital processing, 208–16
coverage evolution, 42–60
multibeam routing, 210
electromagnetic waves, 22
multiple beam switching and routing,
evolution, 39–68
209–12
functions, 317–18
with narrow channel routing, 212
ground network installation, 8–10
redundancy switching, 219–24
history, 39–42
single-channel, 141
instant infrastructure, 419–25
SSPAs, 232–34
location independence, 7
standard elements, 216–36
mobility enhancements, 422–23
transponder gain control and
paralleling terrestrial networks,
linearization, 234–36
421–22
TWTAs, 228–32
reliability, 82
waveguide filters and multiplexers,
satellites versus fiber optics, 420
224–28
security risks, 162–63
wideband receiver, 217–19
service from single provider, 11
Replacement satellites, 364–65
terrestrial infrastructure independence,
RF combining, 305
8
RF frequencies, 22
timeline of critical events, 40
RF terminals, 291, 292–93, 294
transmission monitoring, 318, 319
block diagram, 299
uniform service characteristics, 10–11
economics, 408–9
Satellite control center (SCC), 16,
RF tracking, 264
317–19
Right-hand CP (RCP), 122, 123
Satellite control facility (SCF), 16
Ring redundancy, 223
Satellite control function, 384
Risk management, launch/operations,
Satellite control system, 367–72
361–65
GEO satellites, 369–71
Routing
non-GEO satellites, 371–72
alternate, 374–75
Satellite digital audio radio service (S-
IF channel, 210
DARS), 30, 101–3
narrow channel, 212, 213
architecture, 101–2
simplification, 79–80
business management functions, 103
R switch, 222–24
content assembly, 103
application, 223
defined, 101
defined, 222
illustrated, 102
designs and configurations, 224