Introduction to Registers

Index Register (IR)

Index registers are used in computer architecture to help make calculations more efficient. The index register is a simple, but powerful tool that can be used to speed up the execution of many programs and also improve their performance. they provide an easy way for programmers to loop through arrays as well as do arithmetic operations on elements in those arrays.

Memory Buffer Register (MBR)

The memory buffer register stores the contents of the current instruction while it waits for data to be transferred from main memory. It also holds data that is being processed by an arithmetic logic unit or a floating-point arithmetic unit. A CPU can execute instructions out of order if the necessary information is held in these buffers, so they are used to speed up execution time and increase performance.

Memory Adress Register (MAR)

Memory Address Register is a combinational circuit that holds the memory address. It tells the computer which byte of information to find in storage. For example, MOV A, #1234 will move 1234h into the accumulator register. The address register will point to where it needs to go in memory.

Program Counter (PC)

The program counter is a register in the central processing unit (CPU) that stores the address of the next instruction to be executed. The program counter is often called a PC for short, and it can also be referred to as an instruction pointer or IP.

Status Register (SR)

Status Register is a register in the CPU that stores information about the status of certain instructions. The Status Register indicates whether an instruction was successful or not and what type of data it has returned. It contains four bits: carry, overflow, sign, and zero.
If there is an error with any operation then this register will be set to one. When using conditional jumps such as “jump if greater than” the Status Register also determines whether to jump based on comparisons between values stored in registers rather than just branching unconditionally to a new location like other types of loops do.
This makes it possible for different groups of instructions to process simultaneously without interfering with each other’s work by checking which group should execute next at every time step instead of waiting for all operations

General Purpose Registers:

Data storage and playback devices that do not have a specific function, the records serve as an address book or general information.