Introduction to Information Security


Built-in Security Subsystems and Mechanisms



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Built-in Security Subsystems and Mechanisms

  • To make installation and use easier, modern operating systems default to low security out of the box
    • The process of increasing the security level is called hardening
  • As operating systems mature, more security functionality is being built in
    • For example, Kerberos ships with current Windows products
  • Identification and authentication are mainly generic
    • Other security functionality differs among products

System Security Principles and Practices

  • Security planning starts with understanding potential risks
    • Use risk assessment to determine and rank risks
    • Implement controls for important risks (harden the system)
    • A control is a mechanism that limits access to an object
  • Test results of hardening
    • Controls are working
    • Access is not so restrictive that system doesn’t operate properly
  • Train users to understand and use proper security

Windows Security Design

  • Windows security model differs among products
    • Model described here is for Windows server security
  • Built on the concept of Active Directory
    • A directory service data structure that enables access and addressing of objects across a network
      • Objects are files, folders, shares, printers
      • Subjects are logically grouped
      • Each object has a discretionary access control list (DACL)
      • Conflicts resolved by giving priority to the most specific rule governing an object and by giving priority to “deny” over “allow”

Windows Security Design (continued)

  • Network resources (printers, computers, users, etc.) are grouped in domains
    • Domains can be hierarchically grouped into trees and forests
    • Access rules are specified at the domain level and inherited through groups and individual objects
  • The Active Directory data structure can be physically distributed
  • Local security is specified in local security objects

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