Introduction to Industrial Automation

the corresponding pneumatic symbols.

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  Introduction to Industrial Automation

are open in their bottom part, since these symbols are adapted to the general symbols of the valve 

indicated in Figure 5.12b.

5.7.3   Mechanical Actuation of a Valve

The mechanical actuation of a valve is achieved also with various mechanisms that can be adapted 

on these valves. In general, these mechanisms require the application of a force (or pressure, based 

on the same concept of pressing a button), through a mechanical setup and not through a human, 

as presented in Figure 5.13.