Introduction to Health and Safety at Work



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introduction to health safety at work

18.1 
Introduction
In 2004, an International General Certifi cate was intro-
duced by NEBOSH following requests from countries 
around the world and international companies with cross-
border operations. The main difference between the 
National General Certifi cate and the International Cer-
tifi cate syllabuses is the exclusion of all UK legal issues 
and requirements and the inclusion of three occupa-
tional health and safety management systems which are 
used around the world.
NEBOSH expects that local occupational health and 
safety legal requirements and enforcement procedures 
will be covered during International General Certifi cate 
courses. In some parts of the world these requirements 
and procedures may well be based on UK law. There 
has also been a signifi cant change in reference material 
in that ILO Conventions, Recommendations and Codes 
of Practice have been included. This change is particu-
larly signifi cant for Unit 9 – Work Equipment hazards and 
Control.
There have been several other minor changes in the 
International General Certifi cate, the majority of which 
affect Unit 1 although there are some small changes to 
other units. Minor changes are discussed in Section 18.8 
of this chapter.
The largest change concerns the comparison of the 
three major occupational health and safety management 
systems and this comparison covers most of this chapter.
The ILO estimate that two million women and men die 
each year as a result of occupational accidents and work 
related diseases. Table 18.1 shows the global numbers 
in more detail.
In the USA in 2002, approximately two million workers 
were victims of workplace violence. In the UK 1.7% of 
working adults (357 000 workers) were the victim of one 
or more incidents of workplace violence.
Ten per cent of all skin cancers are estimated to 
be attributable to workplace exposure to hazardous 
substances. Thirty seven per cent of miners in Latin 
America have silicosis, rising to 50% among miners over 
fi fty. In India 54.6% of slate pencil workers and 36.2% of 
stone cutters have silicosis.

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