Introduction to Algorithms, Third Edition



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Introduction-to-algorithms-3rd-edition

Figure 26.6, continued
(f)
The residual network at the last
while
loop test. It has no augmenting
paths, and the flow
f
shown in (e) is therefore a maximum flow. The value of the maximum flow
found is
23
.
The Edmonds-Karp algorithm
We can improve the bound on F
ORD
-F
ULKERSON
by finding the augmenting
path
p
in line 3 with a breadth-first search. That is, we choose the augmenting
path as a
shortest
path from
s
to
t
in the residual network, where each edge has
unit distance (weight). We call the Ford-Fulkerson method so implemented the
Edmonds-Karp algorithm
. We now prove that the Edmonds-Karp algorithm runs
in
O.VE
2
/
time.
The analysis depends on the distances to vertices in the residual network
G
f
.
The following lemma uses the notation
ı
f
.u; /
for the shortest-path distance
from
u
to
in
G
f
, where each edge has unit distance.
Lemma 26.7
If the Edmonds-Karp algorithm is run on a flow network
G
D
.V; E/
with source
s
and sink
t
, then for all vertices
2
V
f
s; t
g
, the shortest-path distance
ı
f
.s; /
in the residual network
G
f
increases monotonically with each flow augmentation.


728
Chapter 26
Maximum Flow
1
999,999
999,999
1
s
t
1,000,000
1,000,000
1
1,000,000
1,000,000
999,999
1
1
999,999
u
v
s
t
1,000,000
1
1,000,000
u
v
999,999
1
999,999
1
s
t
1
u
v
(a)
(b)
(c)

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