Introduction chapter I theoretical review

Population, Sample, and Sampling Technique

1. 
   Population
   

Population or universe means the entire mass of observation, which is the parent group from which a sample is to be formed.⁴¹ It means that the population is all subject that would be observed in this research.

Daniel Muijs defines the population is the group that want to generalize your discover. Besides that, John W. Creswell stated that a population is a group of individuals who have the same typical.

The entire group of people or set of objects, including those not in the study.⁴²

The population of this research is the students of SMP Purnama Trimurjo. The researcher would investigate the eight grade in the academic year 2019/2020, it is about 30 students, which consist from 2 classes.

Below was the data of the population:

No	Class	Male	Famale	Amount
1	8 A	12	18	30
2	8 B	14	16	30
TOTAL		26	24		60

Source: documentation of SMP Purnama Trimurjo

2. 
   Sample
   

Arikunto states that sample is part of population being researched. Burke also says that sample that it is a set of elements taken from a larger
population according to certain rules. So, it can be concluded that sample is a small portion of a population assigned according to certain rules.

Sample is a number of individuals for a study in such a way that the individuals represent the larger group from which they are selected.

Furthernmore, they state that a sample is always smaller than a population,and it is often much smaller.

Based on the theories above, the researcher decides to take class VIII B, which the amount of students in this class is 15 students, only because they are objects of this research and they want to face listening national final examination.

3. 
   Sampling Technique
   

Prof. Dr. Samy Tayie explains that a sample is a subset of the population that is taken to be representative of the entire population. Similarly, John W. Creswell describes a sample is a subgroup of the target population which the researcher plans to study for generalizing about the target population. In an ideal situation, you can select a sample of individuals who are representative of the entire population.⁴³

The sampling technique would be used in this research is take sampling. Donald Ary explained, "purposIve sampling-also referred to as judgment sampling-sample elements judged to be typical, or representative, are chosen from the population." The researcher takes one class of the eight grade to be became respondent. The chosen classis VIII B, consists of 15 students.

In this research, the researcher would take one class, which is Class VIII A consist of 15 students. It can be presented below:

All of this research activity and treatment is to know whether audio lingual has any positive and significant influence on the students’ listening comprehension.

3.