Introduction chapter I theoretical review

Dependent Variables

A dependent variable is an attribute or characteristic that is dependent on or influenced by the independent variable. You may find them labeled in the literature as the outcome, effect, criterion, or consequence variables. Dependent Variable in this research 1s the students listening comprehension that the students comprehension is to listen and understand words, sentences, or phrase. It would be conducted by the scores achieve from the test. The test would be used to measure the students listening comprehension after and betore giving the reatment of audio lingual in learning process.

Moreover, based on the explanation above that is indicator a good category in listening comprehension are:

1. 
   Find the main idea of the given information
   

2. 
   Find the explicit meaning
   

3. 
   Find the implicit meaning
   

4. 
   Guess the meaning of words from context.
   

This variable would be measured by giving pre-test and post-test. Pre-test and post-test instruments consist of 10 questions in form of essay. Question with the range score 0- 100.

When the students can answer the entire question correctly they would get 100 score, and when the students cannot answer the entire question correctly they would get 0 score. The alternatives provides include essay. The time to the test is 30 mimutes.

4.