Intonation of adverbials
Adverbial phrases at the beginning of a simple sentence normally form a separate intonation group pronounced with the Low Rise.
e .g. In the 'middle of the room | there is a dining table. ||
In sentence final position adverbial phrases do not form an intonation group.
e .g. There is a 'thick carpet on the floor. ||
Note: A Low Rising nuclear tone indicates for the hearer that the utterance is not finished and there is a continuation without which the information is incomplete.
A Low Falling nuclear tone, due to its categoric and definite character adds greater semantic weight to a non-final group in comparison with the Low Rising pattern.
e .g. I 'live near the bus stop | and the metro station. ||
I 'live near the bus stop | which is very con venient. ||
A Falling-Rising nuclear tone has a complex semantic effect, since it conveys two kinds of meaning at one and the same time: 1) special semantic importance or emphasis – due to the falling component of the tone, 2) semantic incompleteness and close links with the continuation – due to the rising component of the tone. It is used when the non-final group is contrasted to either what follows in the same utterance or what precedes it in the earlier context.
e .g. In 'front of the house | we have a 'small garden. || At the `back of the house | there’s a 'much larger garden.
Intonation of Enumeration
Enumeration in simple sentences is represented by a number of homogeneous parts. Each of them is pronounced as a separate intonation group. Generally the Low Rise is used in the non-final intonation groups and the Low Fall in the final intonation group.
e .g. There is a bed, | a writing table | and a wardrobe in the living-room. ||
Note: In case the speaker wishes the enumeration to be regarded as separate items of interest the Low Fall is used.
e .g. The 'rooms are large, | light | and spacious. ||
Intonation of Parentheses
Parentheses show the speaker’s attitude towards the idea expressed in the sentence, connect the sentences with one another or summarize what is said in the sentence.
e .g. Persona lly, | I 'never 'play truant.
Initial parenthesis often forms a separate intonation-group which is normally pronounced with the Low Rise.
e .g. As 'far as I know, | you’ve 'passed the exam. ||
Note: To give more importance to the parenthesis it can be pronounced with the Low Fall.
e .g. As I say, | it is very interesting. ||
Initial parentheses that are linked closely with the main remark do not form a separate intonation-group and are usually unstressed, partially stressed or just stressed. Here belong: I suppose, I believe, I think, I presume, I’m afraid, well, probably, certainly, of course, surely, etc.
e .g. I be'lieve he is a genius. ||
Parenthesis in the middle of an utterance forms a separate intonation-group with the Low Rise, and is pronounced quicker than the main remark.
e .g. At'tendance at our uni versity, | as 'far as I know, | is ob ligatory. ||
Final parentheses do not, as a rule, form their own intonation group, and are pronounced as unstressed postnuclear syllables (tail).
e.g. She is 'not good at languages, you know. ||
Additional prominence is achieved when parentheses in final position are said as part of the nucleus of a divided Falling-Rising tone.
e .g. You’ll 'finish the `report, I hope. ||
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