International Marketing in Germany – From a cultural perspective



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Technology and Material Culture 
Terpstra also introduces technology and material culture as a cultural dimension. According to 
him it can be defined as follows: 
“The tools, artifacts, and technology of a society are its material culture. Material 
culture involves techniques and physical things, but only those made by man, as 
opposed to those found in nature”
77
 
To exemplify, a Christmas tree is a part of culture although a tree is not. Material culture is 
how people prioritize their living, meaning what they prioritize to spend their money on.
73
Terpstra, V., 
International Marketing,
(1987), p.100 
74
Ibid, p. 102 
75
Ibid, p. 112 
76
Ibid, p. 102 
77
Ibid, p. 88f 


24 
The material culture is related to how the society organizes and implements different 
activities. When one categorizes, it is often made within standards of living, privately but also 
business related. The business related ones can be exemplified with which technological 
standards the companies have. 
Politics 
Another significant cultural dimension is concerned with politics. Terpstra’s definition of the 
political environment is as follows: 
“The political environment of international marketing includes any national or 
international political factor that affects its operations or its decision making”
78
The political environment is affecting the companies’ national but also international actions. 
The political climate depends on the power of the government and its role in the society. It 
depends on the political ideology, on the international relations and on the relationship 
between the business world and the authorities. The political risk can be measured and looked 
into with help from the BERI Index – “Business Environment Risk Intelligence” index. 
Law 
Terpstra’s last major cultural dimension is law. The laws in a country are forming the rules of 
the game, which is how a company behaves and what they are allowed to do. They set product 
standards, control ingredients and safety of the products. Within international business, there 
are three dimensions that are necessary to be considered: The laws of the exporting countries, 
the international legislation and the laws of the importing country. International law is defined 
as: 
“(…) the collection of treaties, conventions and agreements between nations 
which have, more or less, the force of law.”
79
 

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