Innovatsiya 2021: dolzarb muammolar va zamonaviy yechim

Список использованной литературы: 
1.
Крутик А.Б. Направленная коммерциализации отечественных разработок / А.Б. 
Крутик, Д.С.Криторотов // Научно-технические ведомости СПбГПУ. – 1/2013 
2.
Зимняя И.А. Педагогическая психология: Учебное пособие/ И.А. Зимняя. – 
Ростов н/Д: Изд-во «Феникс», 1997. – 480 с.
3.
Бредновая 
Н.А. 
Проектная 
деятельность 
студентов 
в 
условиях 
междисциплинарной интеграции: автореф. дис. … канд.пед.наук / Н.А. 
Бреднева – М., 2009. – 25 с.
4.
Сазанова А.В. Генезис и сущность понятия «проектная деятельность» / А.В. 
Сазанова // Психология, социология и педагогика. – 2012. – № 6 [Электронный 
ресурс]. – URL: http://psychology.snauka.ru/2012/06/673 (дата обращения: 
10.09.2021). 
5.
Жесткова Е. А. Формирование навыков проектной и исследовательской 
деятельности в начальной школе //Нижегородское образование. – 2010. – №. 4. 
– С. 136-141. 

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THE WAYS OF DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE METHODOLOGY FOR 
TEACHING STUDENTS TO WORK WITH DIFFERENT DICTIONARIES. 
 
Butaev Shavkat Turdaliyevich 
Pedagogika fanlari bo'yicha falsafa doktori, PhD 
Uzbekistan State World Languages University 
 
Indicators of mental and speech development of students is their vocabulary. To 
be fluent in any language, you must have a sufficient vocabulary in the learning 
process. Students can obtain such vocabulary from various linguistic dictionaries. 
The more vocabulary a student has, the clearer and more expressive he can express 
his point of view. One of the most important tasks in the development of students' 
speech is to establish work with this vocabulary.
The dictionary methodology shows that there are 4 main ways of working with a 
dictionary: 
1. Increasing the vocabulary of students, i.e. learning new words that students 
have not encountered before, and learning new meanings of words that they already 
know.
2. When working with a dictionary, students will be able to: - fully understand 
the meanings of words that they cannot fully understand; - to identify them according 
to the meaning of the text; - master the connection of words with other words, 
including phraseological units, including the content corresponding to the text; - to 
learn the content of words belonging to synonymous groups[2].
3. Development of the student's vocabulary, ie. translation of as many words as 
possible from the passive vocabulary into the active one.
4. Removing of non-literary words (dialect and jargon).The main sources of 
vocabulary development are works of art in a foreign language, texts in textbooks, 

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films and TV programs dedicated to the educational process.These are all sources that 
enrich the language.
Slang and dialect words in a foreign language make it a little difficult to learn a 
foreign language. Preparing for a foreign language lesson, the teacher notes what 
words and phrases are necessary for working with vocabulary: explains 
incomprehensible words to 2-3 students; It takes 3-4 words or phrases to explain how 
words relate to other words.
All aspects of working with a dictionary at school are based on practice and text, 
without theoretical information. The most useful guidelines for mastering words are 
explanatory, phraseological, synonyms, antonyms, homonyms and other dictionaries. 
When working in groups with vocabulary, the teacher relies on students who have a 
lot of vocabulary.
In the methodology, the following methods of explaining the meanings of words 
have been tested and widely used:
1. Formation of new words from words in different ways (before and after 
suffixes and in other ways).
2. Derivational analysis is often carried out in parallel with the comparison of a 
word with other words, the purpose of which is to determine their difference, for 
example: silver, silver, silver (all three words are composed of the word silver).
3. The use of the text makes the word easier to understand[2].
4. Students use dictionaries and references in the literature to explain the 
meanings of new words.
5. Explaining the meanings of words using images and other visual aids 
increases the cognitive activity of students. For example, if there is a picture of 
Navruz, the students will collect the material themselves.
6. Explaining the meaning of words by pronouncing their synonyms is one of 
the most commonly used methods.
7. Antonyms of meanings of some words can be explained by narration. If we 
explain the meaning of the word "bad", if we say the opposite meaning of the word 
"good", the students will understand without any difficulty.

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8. Finally, many words are composed of several word groups and require 
detailed explanation. Students are constantly confronted with ambiguous words, but 
do not understand them.There are also special exercises: 1. Select words that have 2-3 
meanings. Speak with all the meanings. Explain the meaning. (Knife, nose, go, fly for 
stage 1; head, earth, world, grow for stage 2; light, sun, leave, failure, hard for stage 
3). 2. Determine the meaning of the word in the phrase: running time - saturation run. 
Stone Age - throw a stone. 3. Find semantically close words, ie. Synonyms: tour, trip, 
trip, trip. 4. Find semantically contradictory words: wet-dry, immature. Students 
move from the ambiguity of words to homonyms. Ring - ring, train - train, play - 
play, flat - flat, can - can, kind - kind. Working with synonyms is one of the most 
important areas of work with a dictionary[1].
Synonyms make up a certain part of the vocabulary of the language. The more 
synonyms there are in a language, the wider its ability to express. The system of 
exercises for mastering synonyms consists of the following elements: a) search for 
synonyms in the read text; b) select synonymous words that can replace each other. 
Here are some examples of simple exercises for working with synonyms: 1. The 
words related to a group of words are given, and the task is to find their synonyms. 
travel; way. 2. Find synonyms for adjectives. beautiful; illegal; unhappy 3. Find 
synonyms for verbs. Come, come, participate 4. Find synonyms for the underlined 
words in the sentence. 5. Find a pair of synonyms from the given words. There are 
antonyms in the readable texts. Working with them begins with the search for 
antonyms in the text, then special exercises are introduced: 1. Select antonyms for the 
following words; up -...; cold -.....; leaves ...; 2. Make a sentence with antonyms. 3. 
Swap the antonyms in the sentence. The rabbit runs fast. - The turtle walks .... 4. 
Finish the sentence with antonyms. It is cold in winter, and in summer… .. 5. Choose 
antonyms for ambiguous words: fresh apples -… (dried apples); old house -... (new 
house).
The relationship between synonyms and antonyms is one of the principles of 
working with a dictionary. Students push and pull often; turn on / off, mix up words 
and phrases, for example, put-put aside. The dictionary of paronyms serves as a 

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methodological guide in the development of speech. The word must be included in 
the active vocabulary of the learner. Active vocabulary is the word the student uses in 
their speech. Activation refers to the transfer of a word from a passive method to an 
active one. The ultimate goal of working with a dictionary is to activate as many 
learned words as possible, teach students to use words correctly in the right place, 
and choose one word that is most relevant. There are the following forms of word 
activation:
1. Make phrases with the correct words. Mas. Flakes of snow; cornflakes; soot 
flakes. Such exercises not only activate words, but also broaden students' 
understanding.
2. Make sentences from the given words. For example, a team of students; 
powerful, beautiful; An assignment for making sentences using words such as smile. 
You can also host a competition here. The activation of words through speech 
education is carried out not only in the process of foreign language lessons, but also 
in independent work.
3. Tell the text in the most important and closest to the text words and phrases. 
Speaking text helps to activate vocabulary.
4. Tasks are given to describe a picture or write an essay using keywords. Thus, 
the system of working with the dictionary should be such that the reader can easily 
understand the word in the text used by him, when it comes to all its meanings, and 
can easily use them in his speech.