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Опубликовано: MAR-APR 2000, Просмотреть Impact Factor журнала
INNOVATION IN THE MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEM
65
FEATURES OF THE ECOLOGY OF WILD CARNIVORES
F. F. Zubaydov
Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine
The relevance of the topic:
To clarify the nature of natural epizootics
and to successfully solve the problem of rabies disease, as well as to
develop means of prevention and measures to combat animal rabies, it is of
great importance to study the peculiarities of the ecology of wild carnivores.
Key words:
The article presents materials on the study of the epizootic
situation of rabies in nature is determined by the canine family, which unites
typical predators, including the wolf, fox, jackal, etc. Their leading role is
determined by a number of biological and ecological features peculiar to
these animals.
The world area of rabies of productive animals does not yet have a
tendency to decrease due to the natural foci of the disease. Neglected,
stray dogs are of great importance in the spread of rabies among people,
and wild carnivores play the main role among agricultural and domestic
animals.
The reservoir of the rabies virus in nature is wild animals, primarily
representatives of the canine family: foxes, wolves, jackals, korsaks, as well
as mouse-like rodents and bats that ensure the circulation and preservation
of the virus in nature. The structure of the world area of rabies is far from
uniform both in terms of the incidence rate and the seasonality of its
manifestation. This heterogeneity is based on climatic and environmental
factors characteristic of individual territories. The size and shape of the rabies
area are not constant. They are determined by both environmental and
economic, as well as historical conditions. At the same time, at the present
stage, human economic activity plays a decisive role in the evolution of
nosoareals for animals. Hence, the nosoareal in its evolution experiences
periods of emergence, maximum development and decline, which gives
reason to classify nosoareals into progressive and regressive.
Nosoareals of rabies, the problem of elimination of which as a result of
human economic activity has been solved, but which still cover certain
territories, are characterized as residual. In case of ctenotheriosis, the
nosoareal may consist of autonomous enzootic foci of diseases of
agricultural and wild animals or represent a combination of foci of different
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