«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

Stylistically marked lexicon 1) ameliorative words: daddy, mummy, Sissie, gentleman; папочка, мамочка, сестричка, жентельмен; 2) pejorative (уничижительный, камситувчи) words: bastard, blackguard, clown, knave; башоратчи, қоратанли, масхарабоз, фирибгар, ублюдок, черный страж, клоун, мошенник, etc.; 3) Constantly neutral words: smith, geometry, teacher, love, you, he, all, темирчи/ геометрия, ўқитувчи, муҳаббат, сен, у, ҳамма; кузнец, геометрия, учитель, любовь, ты, он, все и etc.
Seminars 17-18. Typological Difference Between the Composite Words of the Compared Languages
Exercise 1. Study and analyze the structures of words.
The onomasiological characteristics of a word are displayed through its morphological structure and its categorial meaning. From the semasiological side words may be monosemantic or polysemantic. The English noun «boat» can mean лодка, судно/корабель, шлюпка; кема, пароход, судно.
Monosemantic words pronouns, numerals, conjunctions and various nomenclature words (terms). For example: we, she, nobody, ten, thirty, and, or, atom, oxygen, sugar, today; мы, она, никто, десять, тридцать, и, или, атом, кислород, сахар, сегодня; биз, у, ҳечким, ўнта, ўттизта, ва, ёки, атом, кислород, шакар, бугун, etc;
Common types of motivation. 1. All phonetically motivated words have their sounding structure somewhat similar to the sounds which they convey: to cade- кейд, ўтламоқ, cockadoodle- кукареку, bang — бабах/(портлаш овози), bark - гавкать, вовулламоқ; buzz - гувуллаш, chirp/chirrup - чириллаш, шебетание; cuckoo - кукушка/кукавани, кукулаш; crack — трескаться/трещина, etc.
2. The morphological motivation in the contrasted languages remains the major one. It is characteristic of numerous notional words, in which it is clearly indicated by the affixal morphemes. For example, • by suffixes: doer one who does smth; flyer one who flies; detainee one who is detained; examinee one who is examined; changeable that which is subjected to change/can be changed; movable smth. that can be moved, etc.
Morphologically motivated words in the contrasted languages naturally constitute the largest part of their motivated lexicons: 88, 5 % in English and 91. 8 % in contrasted languages.