«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

Specifically, English Types of Word formation: Conversion: nouns into verbs or verbs into nouns, adjectives into nouns or nouns into adjectives: N>V: a chairman > to chairman, a butcher > to butcher, a boss > to boss, an X-ray > to X-ray V>N: to catch > the catch to look > a look to ride > a ride to know how > (the) know-how
• The sound interchange (i. e. short vs. long): bit - beat, cot - court, kin - keen, live - life, prove - proof, rid read, sit - seat, etc.
• Lexicalization of some plural forms of nouns like colour - colours (military banner), glass — glasses (eye-glasses, opera-glasses), line - lines (poetic works), etc.
• The phono morphological word-formation which is closely connected with the abbreviation proper. Cf. Mr. for mister, Mrs. (misses), govt. (government), Sgt. (sergeant), memo (memorandum), demo (demonstration), D (Lady D) princess Diana, etc.
Exercise 3. Define the differences between native and loan words.
• The vocabulary of the contrasted languages consists of two layers – the native stock and borrowed words.
• A native word is a word which belongs to the original stock, known from the earliest available manuscripts.
• A loan word (borrowed, a borrowing) is a word taken over from another language and modified in phonemic shape, spelling, paradigm or meaning according to the standards of the recipient language.
Native words. Words belonging to the subsets of the native word stock are characterized by: a wide range of lexical and grammatical valency, high frequency and a developed polysemy. They often are monosyllabic, show great word-building power and enter a number of set expressions.
Foreign elements in the contrasted languages. Approximately 70 % of the total number of English words are borrowed. In Russian the percentage of borrowings is 30%. Christianity led to adoption of Latin borrowings in English and Greek ones in Russian. Sources and ways of borrowings are different: in Russian they are mostly Turkic, Arabic and Slavonic; in English they are mostly Latin and French (Roman). Lexical correlations are lexical units from different languages which are phonetically and semantically related. The number of Russian-English correlations is 6870.But there are many terms concerning technology, CT as in Uzbek.