«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

The typological theory defines common linguistic notions used in Comparative Typology. The typological theory is used to define language isomorphism (common features) and allomorphism (differentiating signs).


Lecture 4. Classification of Comparative Typology According to Dr.Buranov

Comparative Typology operates at all levels of language hierarchy without exception. In other words, it can compare the units of phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexical levels.
In comparison with other levels the given level is more isolated and at the same time, its sections are more developed from the typological point of view. Inside the phonological level, actually phonologic and phonetic sublevels are identified.
Phonetic and phonological typology deals with thecomparison of units of the phonologic level of language. It engages in theallocation of phonological differential signs, defining their universality, study of thephonological structure of languages, classification of languages on the basis of their phonological features (e.g. tonic and atonic languages), defining thephonemic structure of world languages and many others. For a long time,the Prague linguistic school was the center of Phonological typology.
A certain contribution to thedevelopment of Phonological typology was made by N.S.Trubetskoywho is considered the founder of Typology of Phonological systems. R.Yakobson, G.Fant, M.Halle also worked in this area. Later other sides of Phonological typology were developed by such scientists as Ch. Hockett, K.Vegelin,
T.Milevsky, P.Menzerat, V.Skalichka, A.Martine, M.I.Lekomtseva, T.J.EUzarenkova, Abduazizov A.A., G.P.Melnikov,and others.
Major achievements of Phonological typology relate to the allocated cases phonologic universals, N.S.Trubetskoy's differential signs, I.Kramskoy, P.Kovaleva's quantitative criteria, supra-segmental typological classification on tone and accent by A.Martine's, numerous researches on acomparison of phonological systems of various languages.
The circle of research in Morphological typology is very wide. It compares the units of a morphological level. Depending on the character of
research the morphological typology can classify into two types:
Morphological typology engaged in the morphological classification of languages;
Morphological typology engaged in particular questions of grammar, parts of speech and their grammatical categories.