Ingliz tili I fakulteti

Lecture 2. Renaissance era in the life of the people of Central Asia in IX-XII centuries. Contribution of our ancestors to the development of world civilization.

Plan:

1. 
   Revival of cultural and spiritual life
   
2. 
   Contribution of great people to science
   
3. 
   Art, architecture and religion
   

Key words: Renaissance, Mamun Academy, sufism, tarikat.

"Renaissance" is a French word meaning "rebirth". A movement or period of vigorous artistic and intellectual activity (Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus). The Renaissance is often said to be the start of the "modern age". During the Renaissance, there were many famous artists, many writers and many philosophers. Many people studied mathematics and different sciences. A person who is clever at a great number of things is sometimes called a "Renaissance man". Leonardo da Vinci, who was a painter, a scientist, a musician and a philosopher, is the most famous Renaissance Man.

In the second half of the IX century, after the liberation from Arab reign and the establishment of Samanid reign, the cultural life of Mawarrannahr was changed by an Early Renaissance. Bukhara, Samarkand, Urgench, Merv and Nishapur became centers of science and culture. Libraries and book markets were established in these and other major cities of Transoxiana. Prominent Central Asian scientists who made a great contribution to the development of world science and culture lived and worked in Transoxiana and Khorezm.

In Khorezm, in 1004, the "Dorul Hikma va maorif" ("House of wisdom and enlightenment"), the Ma'mun Academy, was established. Its founders were such great scientists as Abu Nasr Ibn Iraq (X century 1034), Abulhair Ibn ham-Mor (991-1048), Abu Sahl Mashihi (970-1011), Abu Rayhan Beruni (973-1048), Abu Ali Ibn Sina (980-1037), and others. In 1017, when Mahmud ghaznevi attacked Khorezm, “Dorul hikma va maorif” ceased to exist, and most scientists had to move to Ghazna.

On November 11, 1997, by decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.Karimov, it was decided to revive the Khorezm Academy of Ma'mun. In the autumn of 2006, the 1000th anniversary of the Foundation of this historical center of science was widely celebrated in the Republic.

Abu Nasr Farabi (1203-1270) was born in the city of Farab, located at the confluence of the Arys river with the Syr Darya. He received his primary education in his native city, and continued his studies in Samarkand, Bukhara, and Baghdad. He spent the last years of his life in Aleppo and Damascus. He worked on mathematics, astronomy, medicine, music, logic, philosophy, linguistics, pedagogy, and literature. A philosopher, encyclopedic scholar, author of more than 160 scientific papers, made a significant contribution to medieval science and culture.

There are philosophical works as "Comments on the" Metaphysics "of Aristotle", "The Book of music», "About achieving happiness", "About the essence of all life", "About the views of the inhabitants of a virtuous city" and many other works. For his deep knowledge, breadth of views and phenomenal thinking in the East, Farabi was called “Muallimus-sa-Abu Nasr Farabi”.