92
I
have opened the window.
Men derazani ochdim.
I
have not written my exercises.
Men mashqlarimni yozmadim.
My father
has gone to Boston.
Mening otam Bostonga ketgan.
They
have informed me of the time
of shipment of the goods.
Ular menga tovarlarni yuklash
vaqti haqida xabar berishdi.
2.
Present Perfect bir necha marta takrorlangan ish-harakatni ifo-
dalaydi:
I
have read that book twice.
Men u kitobni ikki marta o‘qigan-
man.
I
have seen that fi lm three times.
Men u fi lmni uch marta ko‘rgan-
man.
3.
Present Perfect ko‘pincha quyidagi ravishlar bilan ishlatiladi:
ever
biror vaqt, never hech qachon, often tez-tez, ko‘pincha, already allaqachon,
yet hali, allaqachon, lately yaqinda, just hozirgina.
I
have never
read that
book.
Men u kitobni hech qachon
o‘qiga nim yo‘q.
He
hasn’t fi nished his work yet.
U hali ishini tugatgan emas.
I
have often
been there.
Men u yerda tez-tez bo‘lib
turardim.
Have you ever
been
to
India?
Siz Hindistonda (biror vaqt)
bo‘lganmisiz?
I
have already
read this
book.
Men bu kitobni allaqachon o‘qi-
ganman.
I
haven’t received any letters from
him lately.
Men yaqin orada undan birorta
xat olganim yo‘q.
I
have just
seen him.
Men uni hozirgina ko‘rdim.
Izoh: just now hozirgina ravishi bilan
Simple Past ishlatiladi: I
saw him just now. Men
uni hozirgina ko‘rdim.
4. Hali tugamagan vaqt ko‘rsatkichlari –
today bugun, this week shu
hafta, this month shu oy, this year bu yil bilan
Present Perfect ishlatiladi:
Have you
read the newspaper to-
day?
Bugun gazetani o‘qidingizmi?
He
has not
received any letters from
Tom this week.
U
bu hafta Tomdan hech qanday
xat olgani yo‘q.
Izoh: today, this week, this month kabi hali tugamagan vaqt ko‘rsatkichlari mavjud
bo‘lgan gaplarda
bugunning, shu haftaning, shu oyning ma’lum bo‘lagi ko‘zda tutilganda
Simple Past ishlatiladi:
I
got up early today.
Men bugun erta turdim.
He
was late for the lecture today.
U bugun ma’ruzaga kech qoldi.
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93
5.
Present Perfect since (
biror vaqtdan hozirgacha) predlogi bilan ish-
latiladi:
I
haven’t heard from him since
June.
Men iyundan buyon u haqda
eshit ganim yo‘q.
He
has known Mr. Bell since 1998.
U mister Bellni 1998-yildan
buyon taniydi (biladi).
Since bog‘lovchisi bilan bog‘langan qo‘shma gapning bosh gapida
Present Perfect, ergash gapida
Simple Past ishlatiladi:
I
have only
received two letters
from him
since I came back from
London.
Men
Londondan qaytib kelga-
nimdan buyon undan faqat ik-
kita xat oldim.
I
haven’t heard from him
since he
left Tashkent.
U Toshkentdan ketganidan bu-
yon u haqda eshitganim yo‘q.
Since ravishi bo‘lgan gapda ham
Present Perfect ishlatiladi:
He left Tashkent in 1998, and I
haven’t seen him
since.
6. Davom zamonda ishlatilmaydigan fe’llar bilan
Present Perfect
Continuous o‘rnida
Present Perfect ishlatiladi:
He
has been here since two
o’clock.
U soat ikkidan buyon shu yerda.
I
have known him for three years.
Men uni uch yil (davomida) ta-
niyman.
Ba’zi fe’llar bilan ham
Present Perfect ham
Present Perfect Continuous
ishlatilishi mumkin:
I
have lived in London for fi ve years
(yoki: I
have been living in London
for fi ve years).
Men Londonda besh yil yasha-
yapman.
7.
after, when, as soon as, until (till), if bog‘lovchilari bilan bog‘lan gan
payt va shart ergash gaplarda
Future Perfect o‘rnida
Present Perfect ish-
latiladi:
I
shall go to the country as soon as I
have passed my examinations.
Men imtihonlarimni topshirgach
qishloqqa boraman.
I’ll give you the book
after I have
read it.
Men kitobni o‘qib bo‘lganimdan
keyin uni sizga beraman.
We shall start at fi ve o’clock
if it
has
stopped raining by that time.
Agar yomg‘ir to‘xtasa, biz besh-
da jo‘naymiz.
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94
The Past Perfect Tense
O‘tgan tugallangan zamonning yasalishi
1.
Past Perfect to have fe’lining o‘tgan
zamon shakli had va asosiy
fe’lning o‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi (
Past Participle) shakli yordamida
yasaladi:
Ega +
had + P.P.
I
had worked, he
had worked.
2.
Past Perfectning bo‘lishsiz shaklini yasash uchun
had yordamchi
fe’lidan keyin
not inkor yuklamasini qo‘yamiz:
Ega +
had + not + P.P.
I
had not worked, he
had not worked.
3.
Past Perfectning so‘roq shaklini yasash uchun
had yordamchi fe’lini
eganing oldiga o‘tkazamiz:
Had + ega +
P.P.?
Had I worked? Had he worked?
Bo‘lishli
shakli
Bo‘lishsiz shakli
So‘roq shakli
I
had worked
He (she, it)
had worked
We
had worked
You
had worked
They
had worked
I
had not worked
He (she, it)
had not wor ked
We
had not worked
You
had not worked
They
had not worked
Had I worked?
Had he (she, it) worked?
Had we worked?
Had you worked?
Had they worked?
4. Og‘zaki nutqda quyidagi qisqartmalar ishlatiladi: I’d, He’d,
She’d, We’d, You’d, They’d, I hadn’t, I’d not, He hadn’t, He ’d not, She
hadn’t, She ’d not, It hadn’t, We hadn’t, We ’d not, You hadn’t, You ’d not,
They hadn’t, They ’d not.
O‘TGAN TUGALLANGAN ZAMONNING ISHLATILISHI
1.
Past Perfect o‘tgan zamondagi biror vaqtdan oldin tamom bo‘l gan
ish-harakatni ifodalaydi. O‘tgan zamondagi bu vaqt quyidagicha beri lishi
mumkin:
a)
by 5 o’clock soat beshgacha, by Saturday shanbagacha, by the 15
th
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
