251
unless agar, -masa
I shall go there tomorrow
unless I am too busy.
Agar juda band bo‘l-
masam men u yerga er-
taga boraman.
d) quyidagilar maqsad ergash gaplarni bog‘laydi:
lest -maslik maqsadida,
-masligi uchun
They wrapped the instru-
ments in oilcloth
lest they
shuld be damaged by sea
water.
Asboblar dengiz su-
vidan zararlanmasligi
uchun ular
ni klyon
ka
bilan o‘radilar.
so that, in order that,
that uchun, maqsadda
I gave him the book
so
that (in order that, that)
he might study the subject
at home.
Uyida o‘qisin deb men
kitobni unga berdim.
e) quyidagi bog‘lovchilar ravish ergash gaplarni bog‘laydilar:
as dek, -day, -ga
o‘xshatib
I’ll do it
as you told me.
Men buni siz aytga-
ningizdek qilaman.
as if (as though) xuddi
You answer
as if (as
though) you did not know
the rule.
Siz xuddi qoidani bil-
magandek javob bera-
siz.
so … that shunday …
bo‘lganligi uchun
The sea was
so stormy
that the
vessel could not
leave the port.
Dengizda shunday do-
vul ediki, kema bandar-
goh (port) ni tark eta
olmadi.
such … that sunday
… bo‘lganligi uchun
There was
such a storm
that day
that the vessel
could not leave the port.
O‘sha kuni dengiz
da
shunday
do vul
ediki
kema ban
dargoh(port)
ni tark eta olmadi.
f) quyidagi bog‘lovchilar qiyoslash ergash gaplarini bog‘laydi:
as … as –dek, kabi
I get up
as early
as you
do.
Men sizdek erta tura-
man.
(not) so … as –dek …
emas
The book is
not so inter-
esting
as I thought.
Kitob men o‘ylaga nim-
dek qiziq emas.
than -ga qaraganda
He
returned sooner than
we had expected.
U biz kutganimizga
qaraganda ertaroq qay-
tib keldi.
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252
g) quyidagilar natija ergash gaplarni bog‘laydi:
so that uchun
The loading of the goods
was completed on Mon-
day
so that on Teusday the
ship was able to leave the
port.
Seshanba kuni kema
portni tark eta olishi
uchun mollarni yuk-
lash
dushanba kuni
tugallandi.
h) quyidagi bog‘lovchilar to‘siqsiz ergash gaplarni bog‘laydi:
in spite of the fact that
-ga qaramasdan
He went out
in spite of
the fact that he had a bad
cold.
Qattiq shamollaga ni ga
qaramasdan u tashqari-
ga chiqdi.
though (although) -ga
qaramasdan, garchi,
-sa ham
He
speaks English per-
fectly
though (although)
he has never been to Eng-
land.
U Anglyada hech
qachon bo‘lmagan
bo‘lsa ham, ingliz
tilida mukammal ga-
piradi.
BOG‘LOVCHI SO‘ZLAR
Ergash gaplarni bosh gaplar bilan bog‘lash uchun bog‘lovchilardan
tashqari quyidagi bog‘lovchi so‘zlar ham ishlatiladi:
who, whose, what,
which, that olmoshlari va
when, where, how, why ravishlari. Ular bog‘lov-
chilardan farq qilib, gapda birorta gap bo‘lagi ham bo‘lib keladi:
I don’t know
when he
will return.
Uning qachon qaytib kelishini
bilmayman.
(
When ergash gapni bosh gapga bog‘laydi va ergash gapda payt holi
bo‘lib keladi.)
I know the man
who wrote
this article.
Men bu maqolani yozgan kishini bi-
laman (taniyman).
(
Who ergash gapni bosh gapga bog‘laydi va ergash gapda ega bo‘lib
keladi.)
Tom
told me what he
had seen there.
Tom u yerda ko‘rganlarini menga
aytib berdi.
(
What ergash gapni bosh gapga bog‘laydi va ergash gapda to‘ldiruvchi
bo‘lib keladi.)
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253
SHAKLI BIR-BIRIGA MOS KELADIGAN BOG‘LOVCHILAR,
PREDLOGLAR VA RAVISHLAR
Ba’zi bog‘lovchilarning shakli predloglar va ravishlar bilan mos keladi.
Ularning qaysi so‘z turkumiga mos kelishini biz ularning gapdagi vazifasidan
aniqlaymiz:
1. He always comes
before I do
(
before — bog‘lovchi, ergash gap ni
bosh gapga bog’laydi).
U har doim men kelishimdan
oldin keladi.
I shall go there
before dinner (
be-
fore — predlog; otga munosabatni
ko‘rsatayapti).
Men u yerga tushlikdan
oldin
boraman.
I have seen this
before (
before —
ravish; ish-harakatning sodir bo’lish
vaqtini ko‘rsatadi).
Men buni
oldin ko‘rganman.
2.
I found the letter after he had left
(
after –bog‘lovchi).
Men u ketganidan
keyin xatni
topdim.
He came
after breakfast (
after —
bog‘lovchi).
U nonushtadan
keyin keldi.
We can do that
after (
after — ra-
vish).
Buni
keyin qila olamiz.
3. What have you been doing
since I
saw you last? (
since — bog‘lovchi).
Men sizni oxirgi marta ko‘r-
ganim dan
buyon nima qilayot-
gan edingiz?
I have not been there
since 1990
(
since — predlog).
Men u yerda 1990-yildan
bu-
yon bo‘lganim yo‘q.
He left London six months ago, and
I have not seen him
since (
since —
ravish).
U Londonni
olti oy ilgari tark
etdi, men uni
o‘shandan buyon
ko‘rganim yo‘q.
UNDOV SO‘ZLAR (THE INTERJECTION)
Undov so‘zlar his-hayajon va tuyg‘uni ifodalovchi so‘zlardir. Ular gap
bo‘lagi bo‘lmaydi:
His father,
alas, is no better.
Afsus, uning otasi tuzalmayapti.
Oh! How you frightened me.
O! Meni qanchalik qo‘rqitib yubor-
ding.
Well! What do you think of it?
Xo‘sh! Bu haqda sizning fi kringiz
qanday?
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254
GAP (THE SENTENCE)
Umumiy ma’lumotlar
1. Gap deb tugallangan fi krni ifodalovchi so‘zlar yig‘indisiga ayti ladi.
The sun rises in the east.
Quyosh sharqdan chiqadi.
2. Gapning tarkibiga kiruvchi va birorta so‘roqqa javob bo‘luvchi so‘zlar
gap bo‘laklari deb
ataladi.
3. Gap bo‘laklari
bosh bo‘laklar va
ikkinchi darajali gap bo‘laklariga
bo‘linadi. Bosh bo‘laklarga
ega va
kesim kiradi. Ikkinchi darajali gap
bo‘laklariga to‘ldiruvchi (
the Object), aniqlovchi (
the Attribute) va hol
(
the Adverbial Modifi re) kiradi.
4. Tuzilishiga ko‘ra gaplar sodda va qo‘shma gaplarga bo‘linadi.
5. Qo‘shma gaplar bog‘langan qo‘shma gaplarga va ergashgan qo‘sh ma
gaplarga bo‘linadi:
The steamer arrived at the port yes-
terday (Sodda gap).
Paroxod kecha portga (yetib)
keldi.
The agreement was signed, and the
delegation left London (bog‘langan
qo‘shma gap).
Bitim imzolandi va delegatsiya
Londonni tark etdi.
After
the goods had been unlo aded,
they were taken to the warehouse.
(ergashgan qo‘shma gap).
Mollar tushirilganidan keyin,
omborxonaga olib borildi.
6. Maqsadiga ko‘ra gaplar quyidagi turlarga bo‘linadi:
a) darak gaplar (
Declarative Sentences):
The library is on the second fl oor.
Kutubxona ikkinchi qavatda.
b) so‘roq gaplar (
Interrogative Sentences):
When did you come?
Siz qachon keldingiz?
c) buyruq gaplar (
Imperative Sentences):
Open the window, please.
Iltimos, derazani oching.
d) undov gaplar (
Exclamatory Sentences):
How well she sings!
U qanday yaxshi kuylaydi!
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