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Guiding Principles and Practical Action: Information Intardapandanca



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Guiding Principles and Practical Action: Information Intardapandanca
and tha Evolution of US Foreign Information Policy by
Kenneth S . Rogerson
Bachelor of Science
Brigham Young University, 1990
Master of Arts
Brigham Young University, 1991
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Government and International Studies Political Science Program
University of South Carolina
2000
Donald J.
kla, Major Professor
Chai
xamining Committee
R&ger A. Coate Committee Member
David Whiteman Committee Member
M. Kent Sidel Marcia G. Welsh
Committee Member Dean, Graduate School Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
UMI Number 9969518
UMI*
UMI Microform9969518
Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company.
All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against
unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code.
Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company
300 North Zeeb Road
P.O. Box 1346
Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

to the group:
Paula L'Ecuyer, Alynna Lyon,
Becky Spyke and Emek Ugarer
and
to my family:
Erin, Elise and Connor,
who have never known life without daddy going to school and
to Alisyn,
who has patiently waited for a house, among other things
ii
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

Table of Contents
Guiding Principles and Practical Action:
Information Interdependence and US Foraign Policy
I . Guiding Principlas and Practical A c t i o n ................ 1 Information and Policy Making ...................... 3
The Research Agenda ................................. 5
Organization of the Study .......................... 7
The Puzzle of Information and Politics ............. 9
II. Information I n tardapandanca............................ 17 What is Interdependence?.............................. 18
Why Use Interdependence?.............................. 22
Interdependence and Information .................... 34
III. Tha Evolution of US Information and Communication
Policy 47
The United States and International Information
R e l a t i o n s......................................... 51
The Evolution of Information Issues within U.S.
P o l i t i c s ......................................... 53
Domestic Settings for Information Issues . . . 56
I n n o v a t i o n s ................................ 56
Government Intervention in Distribution . 62
Multilateral Explanations of U.S. Foreign
Information Policy ........................ 66
International Trade ...................... 67
International Organizations ............. 69
IV. The International Telecommunication U n i o n 7 6 Early US Telecommunications Policy ................. 76
The International Telecommunication Union ......... 82
The United States and the I T U ....................... 88
The United States and ITU Bureaucratic
Restructuring 8 9
World Telecommunication Policy Forum ......... 93
1998 ITU Plenipotentiary Conference ........... 98
C o n c l u s i o n............................................ 102
V . Tha General Agra ament on Trades and Tariffs and Tha World Trade O r g a n i s a t i o n....................................104
GATT and the United S t a t e s ...........................105
Information Issues in the GATT and the WTO .... 110
The Uruguay R o u n d ............................... Ill
The World Trade Organization ............... 115
First WTO Ministerial M e e t i n g ...................... 121
iii
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WTO Telecom Agreement ............................ 123 Second WTO Ministerial Meeting .................... 130 C o n c l u s i o n............................................ 131
VI. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization ........................................ 136 The Evolution of Information and Communications Issues
in US/UNESCO Relations ...................... 137
US Policy and the UNESCO B a t t l e g r o u n d ..............148 Mass Media Declaration ...................... 148
MacBride Commission and Report ............. 157
International Program for Development and
Communications (IPDC) .................... 163
US Withdrawal From U N E S C O ........................... 167 UNESCO "Policy" Today ............................ 169 C o n c l u s i o n.............................................172
VII. Understanding US Foreign Information and Communications P o l i c y .......................................... 174
Sovereignty vs. Interdependence .................. 178 Information Interdependence ...................... 181
Information Inequality ............................. 185
Who Makes Information Policy? .................... 191 Who Makes UNESCO Policy for the United States? . . 197 C o n g r e s s ........................................ 197
The US M e d i a ....................................199
L o b b y i s t s ........................................ 202
VIII. An Agenda for US Foreign Information Policy . . . 207 Economic Information Policy' ...................... 211 Security Information Policy ...................... 212 Ideological Information Policy .................... 215
Cultural Information Policy ...................... 216 Understanding US Information Policy ............. 218
Bibliography .......................................... 222 Books 222 I n t e r v i e w s............................................ 236
Web S i t e s ............................................ 237
iv
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