Infectious deseases. Epidemics

Komiljonova Aziza
UNIT 5
INFECTIOUS DESEASES. EPIDEMICS
LESSON 1
GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS

1. 
   Learn and practise pronouncing the following words.
   

Contagion - the spread of disease from one person to another by close contact
easily overtake - to overcome or pass without difficulty
genetic material - DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses)
had succumbed to -yielded to something they've tried to fight off such as a disease
inject -to drive or force into
miniscule amount of -extremely small number of something
multiply-increase in quantity
mutate - change or adapt in nature
new strain- a new breed, stock, or variety of something
pandemic- prevalent over a whole country or the world
progression - the moving of something towards a more advanced state
WHO (World Health Organization) - an international agency established in 1948 by the United Nations to promote health and control communicable diseases.
dodged a bullet -avoided a danger

2. Translate and make the sentences using the following word combinations:

1. apply to the crown 2. if the alveolar abscess is present 3. lead to pulp death 4. painful condition 5. infect the pulp 6. if the pulp is vital 7. exposed pulp 8. impact injury 9. fracture of the crown 10. remove the inflamed pulp 11. the state of the pulp

3.Translate the following sentences
1. These bacteria appear to be normal residents of the mouth. 2. The refined carbohydrate is reported to cause caries. 3. Refined carbohydrate is said to be turned into acid. 4. Our modern diet is known to contain sticky carbohydrate. 5. Excessive consumption of shacks or sweets between meals is likely to cause caries. 6. Food debris is thought to accumulate on the surfaces of teeth. 7. Bacteria and food debris are known to form a thin tenacious film called plague on the tooth surface. 8. A supernumerary tooth was found to be developing between the permanent central incisor.