Indo-European migration into England


Typical paradigms of the strong feminine (ō-) declension



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Typical paradigms of the strong feminine (ō-) declension


Singular
Nom. talu lār sāwol
Gen. tale lāre sāwle
Dat. tale lāre sāwle
Acc. tale lāre sāwle
Plural
Nom. tala, -e lāra, -e sāwola, -e
Gen. tala lāra sāwla
Dat. talum lārum sāwlum
Acc. tala, -e lāra, -e sāwola, -e
Notes:
1. Talu is a noun with a short root vowel; lār is a noun with a long vowel.
2. In sāwol the unstressed vowel is omitted in the oblique cases.
ō-stems were all feminine. Practically no word of this type ends in -ō, which was lost or transformed. The paradigm of ō-stems contains many homonymous forms.

jō- stems and wō-stems: are declined like pure ō-stems except that w- appeared in some endings.


Singular
Nom. ecg sceadu
Gen. ecge sceadwe
Dat. ecge sceadwe
Acc. ecge sceadwe
Plural
Nom. ecga sceadwa
Gen. ecga sceadwa
Dat. ecgum sceadwum
Acc. ecga sceadwa

Singular

  • Nom. mete (i-, M) sunu (u-, M) fēld
  • Gen. metes suna fēlda
  • Dat. mete suna fēlda
  • Acc. mete sunu fēlda
          • Plural
  • Nom. meta, -as suna fēlda
  • Gen. meta suna fēlda
  • Dat. metum sunum fēldum
  • Acc. meta suna fēlda

i-stem, u-stem
Notes:
1. Division into genders break up i-stems into 3 declensions, but is irrelevant for u-stems: masc. and fem., u-stems decline alike.
2. The length of the root-syllable is important for both stems: mete (i-, short-stemmed), sunu (u-, short-stemmed), fēld (u-, long-stemmed).

The weak or n-declension includes:

  • masculine nouns ending in Nom. sg. in -a, e.g. nama (ModE name), guma (man), hunta (hunter), tima (time), wita (councillor), etc.

  • 2) all feminine nouns ending in -e, e.g. hlǣfdige (lady), tunge (tongue), sunne (sun), etc.
    3)two neuter nouns ending in -e: ēāge (eye) and ēāге (ear).

n-declension
Singular
Nom. hunta (Masc.) tunge (Fem.) ēāre (Neut.)
Gen. huntan tungan ēāran
Dat. huntan tungan ēāran
Acc. huntan tungan ēāran
Plural
Nom. huntan tungan ēāran
Gen. huntena tungena ēārena
Dat. huntum tungum ēārum
Acc. huntan tungan ēāran

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