4. DESCRIPTION OF YOUR HOME TOWN
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text orally
(Матн таржимаси огзаки. Перевод текста устно)
If Samarkand is known as a "Pearl of the East",
Fergana is famous as a "Pearl of Uzbekistan".
Famous for its beautiful landscapes
and ancient history, Fergana located in
eastern Uzbekistan, on the southern edge of
the Fergana Valley. Fergana is about 420 km
east of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan,
and about 75 km west of Andijan.
Ferghana City is the administrative
centre of Ferghana region. Its territory is 70
square km and the population is 230,000
people.
The Fergana region is located in the southern part of the Fergana Valley, bounded by Tyan-
Shan Mountains along the Syrdarya River, the main water supplier of the region. Covering 6,800
sq.km (1.6 % of Uzbekistan's territory), Fergana region borders Kyrgyzstan to the east, Tajikistan to
the south, and the Andijan and Namangan regions to the west. The region has an ethnically diverse
population of 1.5 million, 10% of Uzbekistan's population.
Fergana has been the center of oil production in the Fergana Valley since the region's first oil
refinery was built near the city in 1908. Since then, more refineries have been added, and Fergana is
one of the most important centers of oil production and refining in Uzbekistan. Natural gas from
western Uzbekistan is transported by pipeline to the valley, where it is used to produce fertilizer.
Thus, the Fergana region is one of the leader in the republic on oil extraction and processing,
power generation, production of fertilizers, chemical fiber, marble, machine-building, construction
materials limestone, gravel, sand sulfur, and ozekerit, cotton-ginning, silk-spinning and also
production of grain, fruits, vegetables and many other agricultural products.
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The Fergana Valley was the most important irrigated cotton growing region of the former
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Cotton growing and processing has been the dominant
economic activity here for centuries, supplied by water from small streams flowing from the
surrounding mountains.
The Great Fergana Canal, built almost entirely by hand during the 1930
s
, passes through the
northern part of the city.
The history of the city dates back to 1877. Fergana was founded as a garrison town by the
Russians after they captured the khanate of Kokand. It was decided to build a new city 12 km from
the old town of Marghilan. It was first named New Margelan, then renamed Skobelev in 1907 after
the Russian in charge of the capture of Kokand. It has been called Fergana since 1924.
At present Ferghana is an important industrial centre of Uzbekistan. Regarding the capacity of
production Ferghana stands on the second place in Uzbekistan after Tashkent. Rishtan is 50 km to
the west of Ferghana City. Since ancient times Rishtan was famous for its ceramics. There are
deposits of red clay, natural minerals and abundance of mountainous vegetation that is needed for
painting process. Rishtan artisans became famous all over the world for their technology of ceramic
production.
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