Independent uzbekistan

Fergana region. The Fergana region is included into the there regions located in the Fergana Valley-a pearl of Central Asia. The region was founded on January 15, 1938. It is in the East of Uzbekistan and occupies the Southern part of the Fergana Valley. . The Fergana region borders on Kyrghyzstan in the South, on Tajikistan in the West, on the Namangan region in the North and on the Andijan region in the East.
The area of the region is not big-6,7 thousand km². The region takes the second place in the number of population and gives way only to the Tashkent region. There are 2664,4 thousand inhabitants. 776,1 thousand people live in town settlements and 1888,3 thousand people live in rural places.
The Fergana region includes 15 rural districts (the Bagbad, Besharik, Buvaydi, Dangara, Yazyavan, Altyarik, Akhunbabaev, Rishtan, Soh, Tashlak, Uchkuprik, Fergana, Furkat, Uzbekistan, Kuva districts) and 9 towns (Fergana,Margilan, Kokand, Kuva, Kuvasay, Besharik, Khamza, Rishtan, Yaypan).
Fergana is the administrative center of the region. The number of its population is 185,2 thousand people.
Khorezm region. The Khorezm region was founded on January 15, 1938. It is in the North and West of Uzbekistan, and occupies some part of the Aral and Kaspiyan lowlands. The Khorezm region like Karakalpakstan is the remotest region of Uzbekistan. It borders on Karakalpakstan in the North and East, on Tukrmenistan in the South and West, on the Bukhara region in the South and East. The Khorezm region takes the 11 th place in the area dimensions-6,1 thousand square kilometrs (a bit more than 1% of the total area of Uzbekistan).
The population of the region is equal to 1323,9 thousand people, 24% of which reside in towns. The population density is high-217,4 people per km².
The Khorezm region consists of 10 rural districts (the Bagat, Gurlen, Urgench, Khiva, Khakin, Shavat, Yangiarik, Yangibazar, Kushkupyr, Khazarasp districts) and 3 towns (Urgench, Pitnyak, , Khiva).
Urgench is the central city of the region. Its population is equal to 139 thousand people.
Uzbekistan takes the third place in the area dimensions among the countries of Central Asia and Kazakhstan after Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, but it is the leader and takes the first place in the number of population in this area. At the beginning of 2000 the population of Uzbekistan is equal to 24,5 million people. If the total population of Central Asia is 100%, then Uzbekistan makes up more than 42% of it.
The population in Uzbekistan is distributed unevenly. In average the population density of the Republic takes a lead over a number of the CIS countries and passes ahead the other countries of Central Asia. Due to speedy growth of the population, its density per each square kilometer of its territory grows annually. Thus in comparison with 1959, the density of population raised more than 3 times and currently it equals 54,8 people per km². Uzbekistan is a multinational republic. At present, representatives of over 100 nationalities live here.
Uzbeks make up the main bulk of the population whose share against the total population is systematically growing up. Share of the European population against the total population, is somewhat declining because of a great difference in the birth-rate of the native and European population. Besides, as a result of the collapse of the USSR, a lot of Russian speaking population migrated mainly to Russia, the Ukraine and Belarus from the former union republics, including Uzbekistan. Among the emigrants, besides the Russians, there are the Ukrainians Belarusian, Jews, the Crimean Tatars, the Germans, and others. It is necessary to emphasize that because of the stable social and political environment observed in the Republic, some part of emigrants who had left Uzbekistan earlier are returning back to Uzbekistan.
The Independent Republic of Uzbekistan pays much attention to the population problems, particularly to motherhood and childcare protection, to moral and spiritual upbringing of the growing generation. The evidence of it is establishment of the official order «Soglom avlod uchun» («For healthy generation») and the creation of the
International Nongovernmental Charity Fund with the same title «Soglom avlod uchun». Uzbekistan has the biggest economic potential among the other Central Asian republics and Kazakhstan. It is distinguished in many indicators, both in industrial and agricultural development. Various branches of industry have been established and are successfully developing in the economy of the Republic belongs to agricultural branches, first of all, to a cotton-growing branch. Nature and climate and traditional skills of the population also promote the development of such branches as silk worm breeding, live-stock farming, grape, fruit and melon production.
1998-1999 were the years of stable economic progress for our country. Economic increase was observed in all spheres of national economy.
Karakalpakstan is situated in the north west of Uzbekistan, occupying 164000 km, and 38% of its territory. The Supreme Soviet of Karakalpakstan adopted the Declaration on State sovereignty on December I, 1990 the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan on September 1.1991 is a landmark in the history of our republic. As the part of Uzbekistan the democratic sovereign Republic of Karakalpakstan has its own Constitution, National Emblem, Anthem and Flag. The Jokargi Kenes (the Supreme Soviet) is the supreme body of state authority. Nukus is the capital city, the population is more than 1, 5 million, representing 80 nations namely, Karakalpaks, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Russians, Turkmen and others. According to archeological findings, the ancestors of Karakalpaks lived here thousands of years ago during the Stone Age. The Aral Sea, Ustuyrt Plateau and Kizil-Kum desert take up 75% of the land. The climate of Karakalpakstan is sharply continental it’s very hot in summer and very cold in winter. Temperatures in winter may drop to 33-36 degrees below zero. The hottest summer month is July. The temperature can reach more than 45 degrees. High summer temperature makes it possible to cultivate heat-loving crops such as cotton, grapes, melons, water-melons and others
The Republic is the agrarian country oriented mainly to agriculture in spite of the rich mineral and raw material resources, which allow developing the different branches of industry. Agriculture is completely based on irrigation with cotton and rice as their major crop. The main wealth is cotton (white gold). Cereals, potatoes, vegetables, melons, fruits and sugar-beets are also grown here. Meat, milk eggs and wool are the main types of livestock. Silkworm breeding is also very developed. Over than 950 kinds of higher plants grow in the territory of the Republic, including 360 ones which belong to the medical plants of scientific and people’s medicine. This makes agriculture the basis of the economic structure of Karakalpakstan.
In the structure of industry many branches are connected with the primary processing of the agricultural raw materials: cotton, fiber, rice, meat, milk, liquorices. Cotton cleaning plants, oil mills, bread –baking plants, meat and milk factories, rice plants and others belong to these branches. Among the other branches the most developed one is power- engineering Takhia-Tash hydro power station completely satisfies the needs of Karakalpakstan in electric power and it is also the main power supplies of the Khrozm region of Uzbekistan and Tashaus region of Turkmenistan. The development programme of the democratic state of Karakalpakstan is based on developing a socially oriented market economy Laws on land, farming, joint-stock companies, business and foreign economic relations were adopted with the majority of state enterprises privatized. Favorable conditions for foreign investment enabled the establishment of new enterprises such as the Kungrad calcium soda factory, a cellulose complex, the Takhiatash paper factory which recycles rice waste and other objects. The growing and processing of liquorices is presently quite popular. It is generally known that Karakalpakstan is the centre of the Aral Sea ecological disaster to which the entire international community is giving assistance. International Conferences about the Aral Sea issue have been held in Nukus under the auspices of the United Nations.
The people of Karakalpakstan have consciously preserved and developed their own national culture. Exhibits in the Museum of Regional Studies have been taken to international exhibitions and awarded on numerous occasions. The Karakalpak State Museum of Five Arts became famous for its exhibits: collection of paintings, sculptures, and samples of embroidery, jewelry all over the world.
The country has a variety of theatres such as the Karakalpak State Musical Theatre, the Theatre for Young Spectators, the Puppet Theatre, many concert halls and clubs. Unique historical monuments such as the Ishan-kala, Narimjon-bobo, Sulton vois bobo and Vali atalik mausoleums, and the Ayaz-kala and Kyrk-kiz fortresses attract tourists from all parts of the world. The Nazlim khan Suliu mausoleum was included by UNESCO in the list of monuments of international significance. Great names such as Al- Beruni, Najmiddin Kurbo, Al-Khorezmi, Sulayman Bakirgani and Ajiniyaz, Berdakh lived and worked in this land centuries ago. There are many educational establishments in the Republic: the Karakalpak State University, Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, branches of Tashkent higher educational institutions training specialists in different trends for the Republic, academic lyceums, professional colleges and secondary schools.
The spiritual development of the people is the foundation of the future of this country.
After becoming an independent state,Karakalpakstan have established economic, political and cultural relations with many foreign countries: the USA, France, Japan, Korea, Turkey, England, China, India and others. People of different specialties, students and schoolchildren have wide opportunities to take part in the programmers of international organizations, work and study abroad.
Karakalpakstan is open to the world as the world opens itself to this ancient land turned towards the future.
Islom Abduganievich Karimov was born on the 30^th of January, 1938 in Samarkand. His father was an office worker. After finishing school he entered the Central Asian Polytechnic Institute and received the profession of a mechanical engineer. Later he graduated from the Tashkent Institute of National Economy. He has a number of scientific publications, a doctorate in Economics and also he is the Honorary Doctor of a number of foreign universities.
Islom Karimov’s working career started at the Tashkent Farm
Machinery Plant where he worked as an assistant foreman and technologist foreman .A considerable port of his life is linked with the Tashkent Aircraft-Making Plant a major manufacturer of cargo planes in the farmer USSR, where Islom Karimov worked as an engineer and leading design engineer.
From 1966 on I, Karimov works as a government employee, Initially at the State Planning Committee of Uzbekistan where he went All the way through from leading specialist of a department to the first Vice-Chairman of the State Planning Committee. In 1983 I,Karimov was Appointed Minister of Uzbekistan, in 1986 Vise-Chairman of the Council of Minister – Deputy Hear of Government and simultaneously Chairman of the State Planning Committee.
People’s Democratic Party (November 1991) with completely new ideology and policy. I.Karimov is the current Chairman of the People’s Party.
On the 24^th of March 1990 I.Karimov was elected President of the session of the Supreme Council of the Uzbek SSR. On the 29^th of December 1991th I. Karimov again won the mandate of the people at the first nation-wide presidential elections held on an alternative basis. More than 86 pen cent of the constituency voted in his favour.
President I.Karimov is married. His spouse – Tatyana Akbarovna-is a researcher at the Institute of Economy under The Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. They have two daughters and a grandson.
The 8^th December is a national in our country. It is the date when the first Constitution of the republic of Uzbekistan was adopted. More than 130 nationalities and ethnic groups live in Uzbekistan and all of them have equal rights.
This Constitution was adopted after the sovereign Republic of Uzbekistan was proclaimed in 1991, September 1. The first constitution has a democratic nature and is qualitatively, essentially, philosophically and ideologically new document. It has no hint whatsoever of the communist, class or party approach. All the people of Uzbekistan took part in its discussion. .
The flag of our country is a symbol of state sovereignty of the republic. The national flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan represents the Republic of Uzbekistan on the international scene when visiting foreign countries by official delegations of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as on conferences, world exhibitions and sport competitions. The National flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan is a right-angled colored cloth consisting of 3 horizontal stripes blue, white and green colors.
Blue color is the symbol of the sky, and water nhicl are the main sources of the life mainly the blue colour was the colour of the state flag of Amur Temur. The white colour is the traditional symbol of peace and good luck. Green colour is the colour of nature and new life and good harvest. Two thin red stripes mean the power of life. There is a new born moon which means the newly born independent republic.
Here are twelve stars which mean that there are 12 provinces in Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan has its emblem. In this emblem we can the bright shining sun. It means that Uzbekistan is a sunny country.

The Amudarya and S'irdarya rivers are the main water lines of the republic. These rivers begin from mountains. We can see cotton and grain. We can see a big bird. Its name is Humo. This bird is the symbol of peace and freedom. Uzbeks are the peace loving people.
On the top of the emblem we can see the newly born moon and a star. It means that Uzbekistan has it's history. In ancient times «Muslim’s» flag had a new born moon and a star.

Political situation In Uzbekistan is stable. The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan has been adopted. It juridical secures rights, freedoms and duties of a man and a citizen, economic and social rights, declares mass media freedom, belief, recognizes professional unions, political parties, scientific societies, women’s organizations, veterans and youth organizations, creative unions, mass movements and other unions of citizens registered in the accepted order.

According to the Constitution the basis of Uzbek economy directed to developing market relation is properly in its different forms. The start guarantees freedom of economic activity, equality and protection of all forms of property.
Private ownership together with other forms of property is inviolable and protected by the state. The owner can be deprived of only in cases and the order envisaged by the Law.
Uzbekistan pursues its home and foreign policy on the basis of the Constitution.
The people are the only source of state power. According to the Constitution of Uzbekistan only the Oli Majlis and the President of the Republic elected by the people can act on behalf if them.
Today Uzbekistan is the most economically stable state of all the former states of the Soviet Union. Declaration of Independence on August 31, 1991 allowed working out and fulfilling its own programmer of political and economic changes. In the process of carrying out the reforms there were created juridical bases of functioning of the socially oriented marked economy, institutional structures of market were formed in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
In the conditions of forming market relations the Republic is based on five basic principles.

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  priority of economy over policy;
  
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  the main reformer is the state;
  
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  priority of law in the society;
  
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  providing strong social policy;
  
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  providing, stage by stage, evolutional transition to market economy.
  

The principal aim of sovereign Uzbekistan’s foreign policy is the maintain of world peace and peaceful coexistence with all states.

It is part of state policy and is laid down in the Constitution of the Republic of
Uzbekistan. Article 17 of the Constitution runs: «The Republic of Uzbekistan shall have full rights in international relations.
Its foreign policy shall be based on the principles of sovereign equality of the states non-use of force or threat of its use, inviolability of frontiers, peaceful settlement of disputes, non-interference in the internal affairs of other states and other universally recognized norms of international law.
The Republic may form alliances, join or withdraw from unions and other interstate organizations proceeding from the ultimate interests of the state and the people, their wall-being and security”.
Uzbekistan’s relations with other states are based on observance of the following principles as wall: respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms: the equal rights of peoples and their right to decide their own destiny: cooperation among states; and fulfillment in good faith of obligations arising from the generally recognized principles and rules of international law and from the international treaties signed by Uzbekistan.
Tashkent is often called a city of peace and fried ship. Conferences of African and Asian writers, international film festivals and important official meetings are held in Tashkent. It has become of fine tradition to hold film festivals of Asian, African and Latin American countries in Tashkent.
But after becoming an independent state it was recognized by 160 countries and diplomatic relations were established with more than 60 of them.
The president of Uzbekistan visited many countries in order to strengthen all kinds of relations: economic, cultural and peace relations. Different agreements with Turkey, China, Claudia, Saudi Arabia, France and other countries have been signed. No state can live without foreign economic relations.
Uzbekistan maintains foreign economic ties with many countries in world, participates in different international festivals, exhibitions and so on. Many industrial enterprises are trying to sell independently their products at the world market. Import greatly exceeds export in foreign economic relations. Uzbekistan has trade relations with lens of countries in the world, for instance with USA, United Kingdom, France, Japan, Claudia, Singapore,
Thailand, Turkey and many others.
The state policies in the field of foreign economic relations are raising due to independence of the republic.

Education is the highest state priority of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The reform in the field of education is becoming the most urgent problem, the solution of which will determine the future. The results of the reform are closely connected, first of all, with the problem of training highly qualified personnel, specialist who meet the requirements of the time.
It is not secret that every state, every nation is strong not only by means of its natural resources, military power and industrial potential but first by its culture and spirituality.
The education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan consists of state supported and private educational institutions using educational programmers of the state educational standards.
The right to receive education is given to all, irrespective of sex, language, age, race, nationality, politics, region, social origin, occupation, class, social status.
Education in the Republic of Uzbekistan is provided in the following forms:

1. 
   Pre-school education (till 6-7 years old)
   
2. 
   Compulsory secondary education 3. Secondary special, professional education
   

4. 
   Higher education.
   
5. 
   Post - graduate education.
   
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   Improvement of skill and training specialists.
   
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   Out-of-school education (Extra curriculum).