Indefinite article– Noaniq artikl Ingliz tilida noaniq artikllar a va an

A cold-shamollash, a headache-boshog’riq, a sore throat-tomoq og’riq

NOTE: Bu kasallik nomlari sanaladi va birlikda ham ko’plikda ham ishlatilishi mumkin.

I had a headache yesterday. – Kecha boshim og’rib qoldi.

I often have colds. – Men tez-tez shamollab turaman.

● Qo’yidagi kasalliklar nomi oldidan noaniq artikllarni qo’llasa ham qo’llamasa ham bo’ladi:

(a) toothache, (a) backache, (an) earache, (a) stomachache

● Lekin qo’yidagi kasalliklar nomi oldidan hech qanday artikl ishlatilmaydi.

Measles, mumps, shingles, rabies, flu, gout, hepatitis,(high) blood pressure

13. Bizga avval tanish bo’lmagan, lekin endigina tanishtirilgan kishi haqida gapirganda uning ismi va familiyasi oldidan noaniq artikllar ishlatiladi. (Bu holatda kishi ismi yoki familiyasi oldidan Mr, Mrs, Sir kabi murojaat so’zlari ishlatilishi mumkin).

– Dad, a Mr.Pym is asking you. – Dada, sizni bir mister Pim degan kishi so’rayapti. (Bu holatda Mr.Pym so’zlovchiga o’zini hozirgina tanishtirgan)

There's a Ms Evans to see you. – Siz bilan Miss Evans degan bir kishi uchrashmoqchi.

14) Fe’llar otlarga aylanib birikmalarda kelsa, ular oldidan noaniq artikllar islatiladi va ma’no o’zgarib ketmaydi.

To look – qaramoq (fe’l) = to have a look (ot) - qaramoq

To sleep – o’xlamoq (fe’l) = to have a sleep (ot) – o’xlamoq

15. A certain – shunday ismli so’zi bilan birikib kelganda kishi ismlari oldidan noaniq artikllar ishlatiladi.

I had lunch today with a certain Michael Jackson - not the Michael Jackson, the famous singer. – Men bugun Maykl Jekson ismli kishi bilan tushlik qildim – lekin mashhur qo’shiqchi Maykl Jekson emas.

16. Kimnidir mashhur kishilarga qiyoslasak, mashhur kishilar ismi oldidan noaniq artikllar qo’llanadi.

He is a young Albert Einstein. – U yosh Albert Enshtein. (Bir yosh kishi Albert Enshteinga qiyoslanayapti.)

 Definite article – aniq artikl.

Ingliz tilida aniq artikl the hisoblanadi.

1. So’zlovchi va tinglovchi nutqida gapda ikkinchi marta yoki takroran ishlatilayotgan ot oldidan aniq artikl the ishlatiladi. Chunki bu holatda o’sha narsa-predmet haqida, uning ma’lum bir belgi xususiyati haqida gapda aniq ma’lumot beriladi.

! Bundan tashqari birorta ot gapda qayta-qayta takrorlanib kelsa ham, ular oldidan aniq artikl the ishlatiladi.

When I was walking along the village street, I met an old man. I asked the man where the club was. The man pointed the way to the club to me.

I watched a car as it came up our road. The car stopped outside our house and a man got out. The man was carrying a case in his hand. With the case in his hand, the man looked like a salesman.

2. Aniq artikl the ingliz tilidagi this va that ko’rsatish olmoshlaridan kelib chiqqan bo’lib “o’sha” degan ma’noni anglatadi va bu holatda so’zlovchining e’tibori aynan bitta narsa-predmetga qaratilgan bo’ladi. Bu holatda gapda aniq artiklni ishlatishimiz uchun narsa-predmetlar birlikda bo’lishi kerak.