INCREASING BIOGRAPHY OF PLANTS IN SALTY SANDY SOILS ON THE DRY BOTTOM OF
THE ARAL SEA
Z.A.Jabbarov
1
, T.Abdraxmanov
2
, M.F.Faxrutdinova
3
, O.N.Imomov
4
, Sh.Z.Abdullyev
4
,
murod.imomov2019@gmail.com tel: +998941406006
Today, at a time of climate change, evaporation of moisture from the earth is caused by drought,
desertification, drying of the Aral Sea and rising groundwater levels with high salt concentrations, uncontrolled
irrigation water. Soil salinity is causing problems. As a result, the lands used in agriculture are becoming saline,
and the whole world is experiencing not only a decline in the productivity of crops grown in our country, but also
a deterioration of soil quality. This poses a threat to the security of the economy and global soil quality. Salinity
levels have even increased due to the undisciplined use of traditional farming practices for irrigating and
fertilizing arable land. In many places, the reclamation of our salt-contaminated lands has changed and remains
uncultivated. In addition to tackling the salinity problem facing our farmers, salinization is a serious threat to
global food security. (FAO, 2009) estimates that the world's population will reach 9.1 billion by 2050. [6]
Practical solution for growing crops in saline soils As a result of research, a practical solution has been found:
We know that the use of water in the irrigation of saline soils is high. Irrigation and its use in the management of
water consumption (drip irrigation) in combination with alternative techniques
through the selection and
cultivation of the right (salt-tolerant) plants, allows the cultivation of salt-tolerant plants. In our research
conducted at the 2nd training ground of the National University of Uzbekistan in the dry bottom of the Aral Sea
in Moynak district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, 13 hundred hectares of land were irrigated
on the basis of
drip irrigation technology. Interestingly, at a height of 40 meters, 2 tons of water is mechanically delivered from
the reservoir to the irrigation pipes at a sufficient pressure in its direction. In the experimental field, the growth
of 18 species of desert plants is achieved through drip irrigation. Irrigation methods and systems When choosing
the method of irrigation, it is necessary to take into account the quality of irrigation water and its harmful effects.
Both water and the method of application naturally affect the growth and vegetation of plants. Most importantly,
when choosing a method of irrigation, the risk of salinization due to accumulation on the surface and inside the
soil can affect the concentration of salts in the root zone, the composition of saline
water can exhibit toxic
properties in the plant body. (Pereira et al. 2014): [5] Changes in soil permeability due to changes in soil properties
do not allow the irrigation system to determine irrigation management methods in the appropriate order as a result
of soil compaction. Drip irrigation is sensitive to salt and Suitable for hardy plants, as small and frequent watering
allows you to control the moisture to the depth of the soil to the normal depth, but it is recommended to prevent
the return of salts to the wet soil surface. should meet the requirements and help to wash the salt. Eliminate salinity
in the root zone and provide optimal conditions for plant growth, if the fields are properly leveled and the
distribution of water and salt is the same. For drip irrigation, short and frequent application is required.
Maintaining maximum humidity in the root zone of the plant When using an individual plant, it is best to use
pipes to ensure that water does not fall to the roots. This is due to the fact that when the soil surface is wet, it
evaporates quickly in arid areas. Frequent application of water to the bottom of the deep root causes the transfer
of salt to the paste, creating a favorable environment for the plant. Only salt-tolerant plants adapted to such an
environment develop. The use of individual drip irrigation pipes is highly effective in the selection of suitable
plants for sandy soils on the
dried bottom of the Aral Sea, and the reclamation of sandy soils is improved.
thousands of hectares of desert pastures and their natural ecosystem sand the biodiversity associated with them.
Irrigation methods and systems When choosing the method of irrigation should take into account the quality of
irrigation water and its harmful effects. Both water and the method of application can affect the growth and
vegetation of plants. Most important in the choice of irrigation method (Pereira et al. 2014): [4] The risk of
salinization due to accumulation on the surface and inside the soil can affect the concentration of salts in the root
zone, the composition of brine can exhibit toxic properties in the plant body . Changes in soil permeability as a
result of changes in soil properties;
As a result of soil compaction, the irrigation system does not allow to
determine the irrigation management methods in the appropriate order. Drip irrigation is suitable for salt-sensitive
and tolerant plants, as small and frequent watering allows you to control the moisture to the depth of the soil to
the normal depth, but it is recommended not to allow the salts to return to the wet soil surface. [2 ] When planning
irrigation, low-salinity water can also accumulate over time by adding salts to the soil, especially in arid climates
where the irrigation schedule should meet the water requirements of the crops and help wash away the salt.
Eliminate salinity in the root zone and provide optimal conditions for plant growth, if the fields are properly
leveled and the distribution of water and salt is the same. [3] Drip irrigation
requires short and frequent
applications. [2] Maintaining maximum humidity in the root zone of the plant When using an individual plant,
the use of pipes to ensure that water falls to the bottom of the root is very effective. evaporates rapidly in arid
regions when the surface is wet. [1] Frequent application of water to the bottom of the deep root causes the
transfer of salt to the paste, creating a favorable environment for the plant. Only salt-tolerant plants adapted to
such an environment develop. Selective planting of adapted plants in the sandy soils of the dried bottom of the
Aral Sea, the use of individual pipes for drip irrigation is highly effective, and the reclamation of sandy soils is
improved.
References
1. Arora, S., Vanza, M. and Sahni, D. 2016. Bio-remediation of salie and sodic soils through halophilic bacteria
to enhance agricultural production. J. of Soil and Water Conservation 15 (4): 302-305
2. Isidoro, D. and R. Aragüés. 2007.River Water Quality and Irrigated Agriculture in the Ebro Basin: An
Overview ’Water Resources Development, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 91–106.
3. Amezketa, E, Aragües, R., Carranza, R. Chemical, spontaneous and mechanical dispersion of clays in arid-
zone soils, Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 95–107.
4. Pereira R., Puccioni S., Simoni S., Tangolar S., Tardaguila J., Vignozzi N., Zombardo A. 2018. Effects of soil
erosion on agro-ecosystem services and soil functions: A multidisciplinary study
in nineteen organic farmed
European and Turkish vineyards. Journal of environmental management, 223, 614-624.
5. Kayasth, M., Kumar, V., Gera, R. 2014 Gordonia sp .: a salt tolerant bacterial inoculant for growth promotion
of pearl millet under saline soil conditions. 3 Biotech 4: 553-557.
6. Ayers, R. and D. W. Westcot. 1985.Water quality for Agriculture, FAO, Rome.