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Spiral curriculum Curriculum design (based on the ideas of the American psychologist Jerome Bruner) in which key concepts and topics are repeatedly presented over time in the context of new, broader and more complex learning experiences. It serves for consolidating preexistent learning as well as broadening and exploring more in-depth the different learning content.
	Standard(s) A standard is a document that provides requirements, specifications, guidelines or characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose. (Source: Website of the International Organization for Standardization–ISO). See also ‘Standards-based curriculum’.
	Standardized testing Tests that are administered and scored under uniform (standardized) conditions. (Source:ASCD). See also ‘Norm-referenced assessment’.
	Standards-based curriculum A curriculum directed toward mastery of predetermined standards. Content standards refer to what learners are expected to know and be able to do in various subject areas. Performance standards specify what levels of learning are expected and assess the degree to which content standards have been met. (Source: ASCD).