In acute cholecystitis the patient suffers from intense pains in the right hypochondrium and in the umblical area

Hometask 13 Answers

Task1.

1. 
   In acute cholecystitis the patient suffers from intense pains in the right hypochondrium and in the umblical area
   
2. 
   In attacks of acute appendicitis the patient usually develops sharp pain in the epigastrium, which soon become generalized in the abdomen.
   
3. 
   Perforating ulcers are characterized by acute pain in the stomach.
   
4. 
   The development of chronic gastritis is characterized by the appearance of the loss of appetite, pain and epigastric discomfort after meals
   

Task 2.

1.Chronic gastritis is known to occuras a separate or primary disease or it may be associated with other diseases, particularly chronic liver and kidney disease. In these diseases chronic impairment of the mcous membrane of the stomach is an important factor in causing the proved tobe alcohol, inadequate food and a bad diet regimen

2. gastric cancer is more common in menthan women.the highest incidence is noted at ages of 50 to 60. Gastric carcinoma is known to have a more malignant course in young persons than in old age. The duration of gastric cancer from the appearanceof its first manifestations to death is not longer than 1-2 years.

3. In attacks of acute appendicitis the patient usually develops sharp pain in the epigastrium, which soon become generalized in the abdomen. The pain becomes worse on deep breathing inand coughing, it does not radiate and is accompanied by nausea, retention of stools and gases. The temperature is normal or subfebrile and there is modurate leukocytosis.

Task 3.

The following are some of the most common causes of biliary obstruction:gallstones, which are the most common cause,inflammation of the bile ducts,trauma,a biliary stricture, which is an abnormal narrowing of the duct.cysts, enlarged lymph nodes,pancreatitis,an injury related to gallbladder or liver surgery

Symptoms of possible biliary disease:Although symptoms may differ among bile duct disorders, symptoms common to many of the disorders include: Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) Abdominal pain, especially in the upper right side of the abdomen under the rib cage. Nausea or vomiting,Patient's complaints are Abdominal pain, especially in the upper right side of the abdomen under the rib cage.Nausea or vomiting.Loss of appetite, which may result in weight loss.

Fatigue.Fever or chills.Itching.Light brown urine.

However, tests commonly performed to diagnose many bile duct disorders may include:

Blood tests.Liver function tests.Ultrasound.Endoscopic ultrasound.Computed tomography (CT) scan.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP),Liver biopsy.Treatment is aimed at correcting the underlying cause. The primary objective of medical or surgical treatment is to alleviate the blockage. Some of the treatment options include a cholecystectomy and an ERCP.

Symptoms of liver and bile duct disease

Etiology of the disease:A biliary obstruction may be caused by a number of factors involving the:bile ducts,liver,gallbladder,pancreas,small intestine

Pathogenesis:When one or more of the ducts that transport bile become blocked, it is known as a bile duct obstruction. It is also commonly referred to as biliary obstruction.A bile duct obstruction can lead to bile accumulating in the liver and a buildup of bilirubin in the blood.

The symptoms and clinical manifestations of the diseases:light-colored stools,dark urine,jaundice,(yellowish eyes or skin),itching,pain in the upper right side of the abdomen,nausea,vomiting,weight loss.

Complaints of the patient: slight indisposition and a minor pain on pressure in the upper abdomen or complain about the indigestibility of fat or flatulent food.

Treatment:Treatment aims to relieve the blockage and depends on the underlying cause. Doctors can usually remove gallstones using an endoscope during an ERCP. However, some people may still require surgery. Someone with severe or frequent symptoms may need to have their gallbladder removed.