Improving the education of students of pre-service military education in the spirit of military patriotism Khonimkulov Anvar Rakhimkulovich Annotation

Improving the education of students of pre-service military education in the spirit of military patriotism
Khonimkulov Anvar Rakhimkulovich
Annotation. Patriotism is a characteristic feature of a person's citizenship and a certain stage of society, a significant increase in interest in educational issues not only among educators, but also among the general public. It turned out that the solution of many tasks in the life of the country depends on the level of citizenship of the younger generation, the need for spiritual and moral development, respect for the historical and cultural heritage of their homeland. That is why the human factor is at the forefront in the defense of the Motherland. This article discusses in detail how to improve the education of students of pre-service military education in the spirit of military patriotism.
Keywords: Patriotism, military skills, pre-conscription primary education, Armed Forces, students, Curriculum, etc.

Patriotic social consciousness cannot be thought of as a set of individual consciousnesses of individuals and social groups that have no qualities other than the description of this quantity. It would be a mistake to think that patriotism is a complex of spiritual consciousness of individuals. Patriotism is a spiritual and practical phenomenon and is not limited to the patriotic consciousness of a society created by individuals, but it should be noted that it maintains sufficient independence. Each of these forms of patriotic consciousness - social and individual - implies a different one and cannot exist without it, and their interconnectedness and interdependence imply their inseparable commonality. All this is also inherent in the national consciousness. Military-patriotic education is a deep patriotic consciousness in a person, the formation of ideas of service to the Motherland and its military defense, cultivating a sense of pride for, respect for military history, military service, the pursuit of military traditions. is an integral part. The problems of military-patriotic education are dealt with by educators, psychologists, lawyers, philosophers, economists, socio-political scientists, as well as many specialists in other fields of scientific knowledge. The general object is studied in terms of the subject and method of the existence phenomena of this particular system of theoretical knowledge. Holidays and open lessons traditionally play an important role in the system of educational work of educational institutions. School activities are a variety of student activities that include searching for and collecting materials, working on walks and expeditions, meeting people, recording their memories, and organizing exhibitions and exhibitions, celebrations, and meetings.

Of course, there is no need to emphasize today the role and importance of pre-service training of future soldiers and officers of our army, and the importance of their conscious approach to choosing this difficult profession. Radical improvement of the quality of teaching in vocational schools, lyceums and universities of the country through the widespread introduction of new information and communication technologies in the educational process - electronic textbooks, multimedia tools, training laboratories of educational institutions strengthening the base with modern teaching and laboratory equipment, computer technology, as well as further development of an effective system of material and moral incentives for teachers and coaches. In the development of the qualities of practical professional competence of students of pre-service military education: pedagogical and psychological training, skills of organizing and conducting lessons, pedagogical and psychological bases, forms of teaching used in pedagogical education, use of psychodiagnostic methods, in unit forms, ensuring consistency and continuity in the proper use of teaching methods and tools.
The activities of groups of educational institutions in our country, which unite children and adolescents, play a special role in educating citizens and patriots. They identified the names of those killed, the location of their deaths, and reported the whereabouts and graves of the soldiers' relatives. The system of measures envisages the formation in citizens of spiritual and patriotic values, professional qualities and skills, a sense of loyalty to the constitutional and military duty, as well as a willingness to express them in various spheres of public life, especially in military and civil service. Carrying out a complex of military-patriotic works of students of pre-conscription military education, creation of museum expositions and patriotic and military-patriotic, military-historical and cultural-historical, military-technical and military-sports clubs and associations, as well as it is planned to organize educational activities, the Day and Month of the Defender of the Fatherland, military-patriotic work and preparation for military service, a wide range of military-sports games. The narrow functional approach to the patriotic spirit of pre-service military students does not allow us to see the problem in the versatility of its complexity and the interrelationship of its various aspects, including the relationship between patriotism and military-patriotic education. In the theory and practice of pedagogy, there is often a balance between patriotic and military-patriotic education, or, conversely, an over-stratification of them. Many researchers focus on three main areas of patriotic education:

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  patriotic education based on higher education;
  
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  physical training;
  
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  military training, and acquisition of necessary skills and abilities.
  

Patriotic education of students of pre-service military education is aimed at the formation and development of civic qualities - selflessness of the Fatherland and a person who can successfully fulfill his civic duties in peacetime and in wartime. An integral part of the patriotic education of students of pre-service military education is the military-patriotic education of citizens in accordance with the Law "On Conscription and Military Service". As the pre-service military education program rightly points out, recent events have disrupted economic integration, social stratification, and the loss of spiritual values that have negatively affected the social consciousness of many social and youth groups in the country. secretly reduced the educational impact of the culture, art and education of our country as an important factor in the formation of patriotism. The gradual disappearance of the traditional patriotic consciousness of our society is becoming more and more noticeable. Objective and subjective processes have significantly exacerbated national issues. Indifference, selfishness, individualism, immorality, aggression, disrespect for the state and society are widespread in the social consciousness. There has been a steady decline in the reputation of the military and the civil service. In this context, the need to address the acute problems of the system of patriotic education as a basis for uniting society and strengthening the state at the state level was expressed. In order to coordinate and direct social and youth groups, including the family as the main link in society, our country needs a single state program of patriotic education of citizens and a system of patriotic education of citizens that combines and coordinates multifaceted work. Students of pre-service military education, the heroic history of the country's history, the country's achievements in politics, economics, culture and sports still retain moral ideals, taking into account modern trends related to the unification of society and patriotism. creates conditions for the development of a set of measures for patriotic education of citizens.
Public associations and organizations involved in the preparation and conduct of activities related to the historical events of military glory of students of pre-service military education, as well as new active forms of collective educational influence, targeted influence on the formation of patriotic consciousness of citizens’ identification of measures for consolidation and coordination of activities. As a result of the program, the following is expected:

1. 
   1) in the socio-ideological sphere - to ensure the spiritual and moral unity of society, reduce the level of ideological resistance, restore the original spiritual values of the Uzbek people, ensure the unity and friendship of the peoples of the country;
   
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   in the socio-economic sphere - to ensure the interest of society in the development of the national economy and on this basis to reduce social tensions, maintain social and economic stability;
   
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   in the field of the country's defense capabilities - the desire of young people to serve in the Armed Forces, the readiness of citizens to defend the Motherland, the preservation and development of the glorious traditions of war and labor.
   

In the system of patriotic education of students of pre-service military education in all types of educational institutions the formation and development of important civic and patriotic values in the process of education and upbringing, mass patriotic work organized and carried out by state structures, public movements and organizations, patriotic education, the activities of the media, scientific and other organizations, creative associations aimed at studying and covering the problems of formation and development of the personality of the citizen and the defender of the Fatherland. In the system of patriotic education of students of pre-service military education in all types of educational institutions the formation and development of important civic and patriotic values in the process of education and upbringing, mass patriotic work organized and carried out by state structures, public movements and organizations, patriotic education, the activities of the media, scientific and other organizations, creative associations aimed at studying and covering the problems of formation and development of the personality of the citizen and the defender of the Fatherland. The state is the main institution that ensures the organization and operation of the entire system of patriotic education of students of pre-service military education. The establishment of such a system will allow all levels of government, scientific and educational institutions, veterans, youth and other public and religious organizations to work together to address a wide range of issues of patriotic education in accordance with program methods and national values. The modern training model reflects the requirements for a military teacher. The formation of the professional competence of future military education is an environment of creative development, adaptation and management of changes in the structure of agility, economic and spiritual development of the social process, depending on its professional level. The pedagogical and technical-technological problem situation in the formation of the professional competence of the future military education specialist is noted as a set of conditions that allow to create a pedagogical process.
The problem of military-patriotic training of students of pre-service military education should be considered in the context of studying the concept of "patriotism", which is reflected in the scientific literature on emotion, commitment, readiness (psychological), ideas, understanding. considered as This diversity of approaches to defining the essence of a concept is primarily due to the complexity and versatility of this social phenomenon. The following types of military-patriotic education are distinguished: military-patriotic education; heroic-patriotic education; national-patriotic education; civic education; civic and patriotic education. The concept of "patriotism", taking into account its many different characteristics, patriotic education is a complex, multi-component, multi-faceted formation of interrelated civic-patriotic, national-patriotic, heroic-patriotic and military-patriotic personality traits. it can be said that it represents a functional, systematic social, psychological and pedagogical process.
In turn, military-patriotic education is aimed at forming in a person a deep sense of patriotism, the idea of service to the Fatherland and its armed defense, respect for military history, aspiration to military service, preservation and reproduction of respectable military traditions. is an integral part of the system of patriotic education. In other words, it is a psychological and pedagogical process that ensures the formation of special qualities of a patriotic military person. The following components should be included in the patriotic qualities: knowledge, patriotic outlook, motivational-value orientation, physical development, socio-spiritual values, skills and abilities of military-patriotic activity. Today, the trend is particularly relevant due to the declining prestige of the military profession, the reluctance of many young people to serve in the military, and the rethinking of history. Voluntary military service for pre-service military students includes additional training in the reserve student program. It is carried out through the professional retraining of future specialists by mastering the basic curriculum of the Faculty of Military Education, as well as the program of training in the faculties of military education in higher education institutions. The purpose of the training is to train a citizen who is able to perform functional duties in the initial student position in accordance with the acquired military specialization as a military specialist.
The system of military-patriotic education of students of pre-service military education is an active, holistic, organizational, step-by-step approach to the whole educational process in order to prepare future reserve students to perform their military duties in front of the Motherland. -stage, represents the generality and set of organizational forms, goals and objectives, content, principles, methods and tools that provide continuous impact. Students of pre-service military education, in turn, military-patriotic training is an integral part of the organization of the educational process of military training at the Faculty of Military Education, which allows students to implement the content of military-patriotic education. The greatest effectiveness in the implementation of the tasks facing teachers of military-patriotic training of students in the field of pre-service military education is achieved by applying all three elements of the approach, as in each of them to address current issues of military-patriotic education possible organizers are available. The status of motivational indicators of military-patriotic training of students of pre-conscription military education was determined using observation, interview (interview), analysis of student performance, questionnaire, test. The status of the practical indicators of military-patriotic training of students of pre-conscription military education was determined using observation, analysis of the product of student activities. The status of the assessment of military-patriotic readiness of students of pre-conscription military education was determined using an interview, questionnaire, test.
In conclusion, we note that the formation of training in the spirit of patriotism implies great work, especially in modern conditions. This is confirmed by the presence of objective factors - socio-political, spiritual, military-technical. Clearly, the work of strengthening patriotic work among pre-service military education students today should take into account more than ever the local, regional characteristics, as well as the forces and means used.