Importantandurgent !!! “If you want to get higher score from acca f1, please read this article!”

Role of the committee secretary

This individual undertakes all the administration relating to the committee and supports the Chair in ensuring the smooth running of the committee.

9. 
   In which part of the PEST changes government environment
   

PEST analysis (The general (or macro) environment) - This same categorization of environmental factors is sometimes referred to as
 PESTL analysis – where legal is separated from political.  STEP analysis – PEST reordered!
 PESTLE analysis – political, economic, social, technical, legal and ecological/environmental.
Introduction to PEST analysis - for example, a haulage firm might monitor the following factors:
Political - Fuel tax , Government steps to reduce pollution from lorries , Congestion charges in cities , Plans to build new roads , Road blockades due to strikes (e.g. in France)
Economic - State of the economy – a downturn would result in less trade , Fuel is a major cost so oil price movements will be seen as significant , Most hauliers borrow to purchase trucks, so a rise in interest rates would increase costs
Social - Predicted car numbers and usage would affect likelihood of traffic jams and hence journey times , Public concerns over safety could result in lorries being banned from certain routes or/and reductions in speed limits
Technological - Developments in route planning software , Anti-theft devices , Tracking systems to monitor driver hours , Developments in tyre technology
Competitive - Competitive rivalry from other hauliers , Threat from substitutes – e.g. haulage by rail ,Threat of new firms entering the market

10. 
    Handy’s culture
    

Handy popularized four cultural types.
 Power culture (denoted by the Greek god Zeus) – Here there is one major source of power and influence. For example, in a small ownermanaged business the owner may strive to maintain absolute control over subordinates. There may be few procedures and rules of a formal kind as staff take direction directly from the owner. Note that this is often found in organizations with an entrepreneurial structure, as outlined in the last chapter.
 Role culture (denoted by the Greek god Apollo) – In this version of culture, people describe their job by its duties, not by its purpose, so job descriptions dictate ‘the way we do things around here’. This would be seen in a bureaucratic organization, where the structure determines the authority and responsibility of individuals and there is a strong emphasis on hierarchy and status. This tends to be most effective in stable environments, where the work performed by employees rarely changes.
 Task culture (denoted by the Greek god Athena) – The emphasis here is on achieving the particular task at hand and staff may need to be flexible to ensure deadlines are met. People therefore describe their positions in terms of the results they are achieving. Nothing is allowed to get in the way of task accomplishment. This is best seen in project teams that exist for a specific task.
 Person culture (denoted by the Greek god Dionysius) – This is characterized by the fact it exists to satisfy the requirements of the particular individual(s) involved in the organization. The person culture is to be found in a small, highly participatory organization where individuals undertake all the duties themselves, for example, a barrister in chambers.
Handy also matched appropriate cultural models to Robert Anthony's classification of managerial activity: