Ijdiie volume: 01 Issue: 05

. Non-linguistic typology
2. 
Linguistic typology
Non-linguistic typology
- is the subject which relate to the sciences except linguistics. It may 
be political typology, medical, historical, botanic, psychological, mathematical or economic typology 
as well. General and solitary differences and similarities are typical to all sciences. Some branches 
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISCOURSE ON 
INNOVATION, INTEGRATION AND EDUCATION 
 
Volume: 01 Issue: 05
 | 
December 2020
 
ISSN: 2181-1067
 
 
http://summusjournals.uz/index.php/ijdiie 
 

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IJDIIE Volume: 01 Issue: 05 | December 2020
281
Published by “ INTER SCIENCE" http://ihm.iscience.uz/index.php/ijihm 
isolate systemic comparison into an independent sub-branch within the frames of a more general 
science: as an example, comparative psychology firstly stated in the works of Aristotle who 
described psychological similarities between animals and human beings. 
Comparative Pedagogy
studies general and different features, process of trends and 
expected theory, attached instruction and upbringing methods, shows their economic, social 
political and philosophic backgrounds.
Historical typology
examines historic data and produces comparative inventory based on 
the history of each nation/ethnicity to show general trends, differences, and similarities. 
Linguistic typology
(or 
language typology
) is a field of linguistics that analyzes and 
classifies languages according to their structural and functional charactersitics. Its goal is to depict 
and elaborate the usual attributes and the structural variety of the world's languages. Its 
sybsystems, are not limited to:
-qualitative typology, which studies the problem of comparing languages and within-language 
diversity; 
- quantitative typology, which refers the attributions of structural patterns in the world’s 
languages;
-theoretical typology which studies these distributions; 
- syntactic typology, indicates word order, word form, word grammar and word choice;
-lexical typology, which studies language vocabulary. 
In linguistics, typology studies classification of the world’s languages with taking identical and 
different features in their linguistic structures and genetic relationships into account. Language 
typology, therefore, is significant comparative and cross-linguistic. 
That is, a typological investigation obligatorily consists of information from several languages, 
either of various language families or of the identical family, for comparing, and suggests 
generalizations on the basis of the analysis. Language typology has advanced developed from 
language description, which possesses a long history of work tracing back at least to the time of 
Pānini (fifth century BC) and other Indian grammarians (such as Yāska, Kātyāyana, and Patañjali) 
of ancient India and of that we have written record. Primary, the attention was paid on the 
description of just one language and the initial aim was teaching the language as well as intellectual 
inquiry in the philosophy of language. Language typology was thus established as a method to 
analyze genetic relationships among languages and classify them according to various principles on 
the basis of their genetic origin and linguistic structures. Greenberg’s (1963) classification of 
language was based on the basis of the order of major constituents of the clause, as we know they 
are: Subject, Object, and Verb were based on this principle. 
The results of typological study aid us to comprehend the cross-linguistic variety of the world, 
and that can be understood by no other means than depicting, comparing, and examining 
languages. For instance, first person pronouns show gender in some languages such as English (he, 
she, it) or Russian (он она оно) but in the Uzbek language there is no any pronouns indicating 
gender we can find out it from the given context. This type of linguistic diversity give possibility us 
to decipher various sociolinguistic situations in the world and often make possibility to understand 
insights into the range of linguistic and meaning-making systems in world languages. Language 
typology has a large number of resemblances with two related linguistic sub-disciplines, 
contrastive linguistics and comparative historical linguistics, although they each have a common 
focus of attention. While language typology is often based on a lot of languages, and preferable 
larger language samples on which firmer common properties can be implemented and that can 
enhance our theoretical knowledge of linguistic diversity and language evolution, contrastive 
studies have traditionally focused on the study of two languages. 

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