Iacobus Leodiensis [Iacobus de Montibus, Iacobus de Oudenaerde]

Iovenardi, Bartolomé.

See Jovernardi, Bartolomé.

Iowa, University of, School of Music.

The University of Iowa opened in Iowa City in 1855 and early offered music instruction; the school of music, in the college of liberal arts, was formally established in 1919 under Philip Greeley Clapp, who was its director until his death in 1954. Much of the pioneering work in musical aptitude testing was done there by Carl E. Seashore, who joined the psychology department in 1902 and was twice dean of the graduate college (1908–37, 1942–6). The school was one of the first in the USA to award graduate degrees for composition. In 1995 the music building was named to honour Himie Voxman, director of the school from 1954 to 1980; Voxman was succeeded by David Nelson.

The school has almost 550 students and about 50 instructors. Degrees are offered in performance, music education, theory, composition and musicology. The library holds 80,000 books and scores, 3000 microforms, 13,500 sound recordings and videos and 300 journal subscriptions. Special collections include 18th-century wind music on microforms, the Edwin Franko Goldman Band library and many English and Irish broadsides in the Piper folksong collection. In 1966 the school established a Center for New Music, and in 1980 an opera programme.

BRUCE CARR

Ipavec, Benjamin

(b Šveti Jurij, nr Celje, 24 Dec 1829; d Graz, 20 Dec 1908). Slovenian composer. He was a member of a musical family that included several gifted amateur composers, and he received his earliest instruction in music from his mother, a pianist and harpist. Educated in Celje and Graz, he also studied medicine in Vienna, and from 1871 to 1898 worked as a doctor in Graz. There he was for a time conductor of the student choral society Slovenija. He later took lessons in orchestration and counterpoint with Mayer.

Ipavec found it difficult to shake off certain Classical influences, so that even a late work like the Serenade for strings (1898) is still cast in a strong Classical mould, a tendency which can also be detected in some of his piano works. In his songs, however, he was able to create a true Romantic idiom; technically, and in their formal logic and expressiveness, these are his best works and the finest examples of Slovenian Romantic lieder. He also made valuable contributions to the Slovenian operatic stage with his operetta Tičnik (‘The Aviary’) and particularly with the lyric opera Teharski plemiči (‘The Noblemen of Teharje’).

WORKS

all MSS in SI-Ln

stage

Tičnik [The Aviary], operetta, 1862

Teharski plemiči [The Noblemen of Teharje], op, 1892

choral

Na Prešernovem grobu [By Prešeren’s Grave], cant., T, Bar, chorus, orch, 1872 (Ljubljana, 1903)

Vodniku [To Vodnik], cant., T, Bar, chorus, pf, 1889

Other unacc. choral pieces

songs

published in Ljubljana unless otherwise stated

Slovenske pesmi [Slovenian Songs], i (Graz, 1862), ii (Celje, 1864); Milotinke [Tender Songs], 3 vols. (1877); Nezakonska mati [The Unmarried Mother] (Graz, 1896); Kaj bi te vprašal [What should I ask you] (1900); Če na poljane rosa pade [If the dew fell on the fields] (1901); Pozabil sem mnogokaj [I have forgotten much] (1901); Romanca (1902); Iz gozda so ptice odplule [The birds flew away from the wood] (1904); Je pa davi slanca pala [Today the Frost fell] (1904); Oblaku [To a Cloud] (1905); Ciganka Marija [Marija the Gypsy] (1905); Menih [The Monk] (1906); Ob studencu [By the Well] (1906); Božji volek [The Cricket] (1907); Mak žari [The poppy glows] (1907); Pomladni veter [Spring Wind] (1908); V spominsko knjigo [For an Album] (1908); Na poljani [In a Field] (1909)

instrumental

Sonatina, pf, 1897

Serenade, str, 1898

BIBLIOGRAPHY

F. Rakuša: Slovensko petje v preteklih dobah [Singing in Slovenia in the past] (Ljubljana, 1890), 154–6

D. Cvetko: Musikgeschichte der Südslawen (Kassel, 1975), 160–61

M. Spendal: ‘Nekaj značilnosti samospevov Benjamina Ipavca’ [Some aspects of Ipavec's lieder], MZ, xiii (1977), 51–6

M. Spendal: Razvoj in značilnosti slovenskega romantičnega sampospeva [The Slovenian Romantic lied: its development and characteristics] (Maribor, 1981), 37–43

BOJAN BUJIĆ

Ipleer, Joseph.

See Riepel, Joseph.

Iporre Salinas, Humberto

(b Potosí, 28 Dec 1915; d Potosí, 7 Nov 1985). Bolivian pianist and composer. He studied privately with Juan Manuel Manzano and Eisner at the Escuela Normal in Sucre. He taught in several schools and in the Tomás Frías University School of Fine Arts in Potosí. For several years he conducted the Orquesta Cóndor, an amateur chamber orchestra with which he performed several of his own works. Among his larger compositions are La oración del mitayo, the Suite for piano, later arranged for chamber orchestra, and El sueño de la ñusta. He also wrote patriotic and educational songs and a great number of popular songs, including huaños (Potosino soy, El Chutillo and Chiri Huayrita), cuecas (Tu orgullo and Amorosa) and bailecitos (Potosina fiel y fina and Una palomita), many of which were published in Buenos Aires.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Auza-León: Simbiosis cultural de la música boliviana (La Paz, 1989)

O. Rojas: Creadores de la música boliviana (La Paz, 1995)

CARLOS SEOANE