I. Prediction will
What practical measures should be undertaken to combat climate change?
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unit-5-6
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What practical measures should be undertaken to combat climate change? 8. Comment on the following quotes about nature. Use the active vocabulary: For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for Nature cannot be fooled. Richard Feynman Almost all of the social tragedies occurring around the world today are caused by ignoring the basic biological laws of nature. Jim Fowler If we could see the miracle of a single flower clearly, our whole life would change. Buddha Miracles are not contrary to nature, but only contrary to what we know about nature. Saint Augustine All bodies are slow in growth but rapid in decay. Tacitus For the female of the species is more deadly than the male. Rudyard Kipling All seasons are beautiful for the person who carries happiness within. Horace Friess
People from a planet without flowers would think we must be mad with joy the whole time to have such things about us. Iris Murdoch The best thing about animals is that they don't talk much. Thornton Wilder Rest is not idleness, and to lie sometimes on the grass under trees on a summer's day, listening to the murmur of the water, or watching the clouds float across the sky is by no means a waste of time. J. Lubbuck TEST YOURSELF. 1. Grammar. Choose the correct answer. 1. 'I haven't seen Mark for weeks.' 'Well, I him this afternoon. Why don't you come along?' A have met В am meeting С meet 2. 'We'd better take a taxi to the station.'
A has left В will have left С leaves 3. 'Cathy doesn't study enough.' 'I know. I'm afraid she…. her exam.' A won't pass В won't be passing С won't have passed 4. There's someone here to see you.' 'Oh, that my sister. Send her in.' A will have been В was С will be 5. 'I want to visit Katie.' 'Well, don't visit her before five o'clock. She…..' A is working В will be working С will have worked
'Yes. Would you like me to return your books?' A Will you have gone В Will you have been going С Will you be going
'I can't go until the babysitter….' A arrives В will arrive С arrived
'I doubt if he He's studying for an exam.' A comes В will come С is coming 9. 'I'm having trouble with the car.' 'I'm sure John you fix it if you ask him.' A is going to help В helps С will help 10 'You a good teacher one day.' 'Do you really think so?' A were В will be С are being 2. Vocab. Suggest active vocabulary units corresponding to the following definitions: any animal of which the female gives birth to babies, not eggs, and feeds them on milk from her own body happening once every year, or relating to a period of one year describes an activity or food that you cannot stop doing or eating once you have started an area of land where fruit trees (but not orange trees or other citrus trees) are grown a line of bushes or small trees planted very close together, especially along the edge of a garden, field or road very exciting to look at a set of animals or plants in which the members have similar characteristics to each other and can breed with each other completely new, especially not yet used certain to happen and unable to be avoided or prevented the amount of the Earth's energy that someone or something uses a day when you do not work with a pleasant smell causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a long time stupid or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at a person who buys goods or a service ACTIVE VOCABULARY. p. 38 (learn the names of animals and related words in ex. 1) p. 39 annual, addictive, turn off the electricity supply, assure smb, look after, take care of, in the end, to stick with, destructive p. 40 (learn the words connected to plants and gardens in ex. 1), spectacular, mankind, dependence on, fill smth with, breathtaking, experience smth, a rainforest, a species, a guided tour, a workshop R 5.2 head (down to your part of the world), get a (cheap) deal, meet up, it’s not really his thing/ his cup of tea, a day off, pick smb up (on the way) p. 41 at the weekend (but: on a weekday), on holiday, brand new, be worth doing, give smb a ring, scientific advances p. 42 R 5.5 sense of smell, go back a very long way, tomb, fragrant, a feast, a passion (love) for , fully-qualified, point out p. 43 target (audience, age range), packaging, a valley, cultivate, highly valued, charge for, break in, pay a fortune, the equivalent of … at today’s prices, ordinary people, fossil (fuel, records), apparently, a book on, extract from, the highest members of society, sentence to death, introduce to, start (an enterprise), breeding, become increasingly popular with p. 44 (learn the adjectives in ex. 1), reduce one’s ecological footprint, renewable energy, concerned about, have an effect on the environment, support the way smb lives, take into account, rubbish, consume energy, work smth out, an argument in favour of/ against, fair enough, then again, give smth up R 5.7 disturbing, sustainable, halfway around the world, (collapse) overnight, go off (about food), ridiculous, unjustifiable, damaging to (the environment), a customer, it’s up to (us) to do smth UNIT 6.
GRAMMAR Verb patterns. I. Uses of the -ing form. The –ing form (gerund) is used after prepositions. e.g. I’m good at running. We’re thinking of living abroad. The –ing form is used after certain verbs (there is a comprehensive list of the verbs followed by the –ing form at the end of this Unit.). e.g. I enjoy visiting my relatives. She denies stealing the money. There are some verbs followed by an object + -ing. e.g. I hate people telling me what to do. The –ing form is used as the subject or object of a sentence. e.g. Living in a big city is exciting. I find working in the garden a real bore. The –ing form is used after certain idiomatic expressions. e.g. It’s no use talking to her. This book is worth reading. 2. forms of the infinitive. Simple. e.g. I want to have a bath. continuous. e. g. it’s nice to be sitting here with you. perfect. e.g. I’d like to have seen his face when you told him. passive. e.g. I’d like to be promoted to sales manager. NB these infinitives are used after modal auxiliary verbs without to. e.g. She must have gone home early. 3. Uses of the infinitive. infinitives are used after certain verbs (see the list). e.g. I can’t afford to pay the bill. there are some verbs that that are followed by an object + the infinitive (see the list). e.g. He advised me to listen carefully. after let, make and have the infinitive is used without to. e.g. She made me do the exercise again. the infinitive is used after certain adjectives (except busy and worth, which are used with the -ing form). e.g. it’s difficult to explain how to get here. NB When the infinitive needs the subject of its own the pattern with for is used . e.g. it’s difficult for me to explain. the infinitive is used after certain nouns. e.g. it’s a good idea to ask for help. the infinitive is used to express purpose. e.g. I came here to learn English. the infinitive is used after question words. e.g. I don’t know what to do. the infinitive can be used with too and enough. e.g. I was too tired to eat. It’s cold enough to snow. 4. –ing or the infinitive? 1. continue, start, begin. - Both –ing and infinitive can be used. The infinitive is more common. e.g. He began working/ to work when he was twenty. - if the verb is in a continuous tense we prefer the infinitive. e.g. It’s starting to rain. 2. allow, forbid, permit. - we allow/ forbid/ permit doing something e.g. We don’t allow smoking in here. - but we allow/ forbid/ permit somebody to do something e.g. We don’t allow people to smoke in here. 3. like, love, hate, prefer - often both the infinitive and the –ing form can be used with little difference of meaning. e.g I like to get/ getting up early. - When like means enjoy generally it is more usually followed by –ing. e.g. I like cooking. If the sentence is more specific, the infinitive is more common. e.g. I like to cook a roast on Sundays. - when like means think it a good idea, it is followed by the infinitive. e.g. I like to pay bills on time. - Used with would, these verbs are followed by the infinitive. e.g. I’d love to visit you. 4. remember, forget, regret - After these verbs the –ing form refers to an action that took place before the act of remembering, forgetting or regretting. e.g. I’ll never forget meeting you. - The infinitive refers to an action that takes place after the act of remembering, forgetting or regretting. e.g. Don’t forget to lock all the doors. 5. stop. - The –ing form refers to an action that was in progress before the act of stopping. E.g. Stop looking at me like that! - The infinitive tells us why the action stopped and what happened next. This is the infinitive of purpose. e.g. We stopped to have a break. 6. try. - the infinitive refers to the goal, or what we want to achieve. e.g. I tried to learn Chinese but it was too difficult. - the –ing form refers to the methods used to achieve the goal. e.g. I tried going to evening classes. 7. go on. - the –ing form indicates continuation of an activity. e.g. I'd like to go on making easy money, but I'm afraid it's over. - the infinitive refers to a change to a new activity. e.g. Jack spent many of his early years behind bars, but he would go on to become a famous preacher. 8. mean. - mean doing something = “involve” e.g. If we catch the early train, it will mean getting up at 6 a.m. - mean to do something = “intend” e.g. Sorry, I meant to tell you about the party. 9. see, hear, watch, feel - the –ing form is used to talk about an action going on e.g. I last saw him walking down the road towards the shops. - the infinitive (without to) is used to talk about a completed action. e.g. I saw her pick up the parcel, open it and take out a book. 1. Work in pairs. Speaker A: Your book is open. Give the cue. Don't lower your intonation at the end of the cue. Speaker B: Your book is closed. Complete the sentence with doing it or to do it. Speaker A: If you are unsure about the correctness of B's completion, refer to the list of verb patterns. Example: SPEAKER A (book open): SPEAKER B (book closed): I promise… ... to do it. I enjoyed .... I can't afford .... She didn't allow me ..., We plan….. Please remind me .... I am considering .... Our director postponed He persuaded me .... I don't mind .... 10. Everyone avoided .... Switch roles. I refused .... I hope…. She convinced me .... He mentioned .... I expect.... I encouraged him .... I warned him not. … We prepared .... I don't recall.... 20. We decided .... Switch roles. Did someone offer… When will you finish… Did you practice .... She agreed .... Keep… Stop….. I didn't force him .... I couldn't resist.... Somehow, the cat managed… Did the little boy admit. . . Switch roles. He denied…. I didn't mean .... She swore .... I volunteered .... He suggested .... He advised me .... He struggled .... I don't want to risk .... Do you recommend …. I miss .... Switch roles. I can't imagine .... She threatened .... He seems to dislike .... The children begged .... She challenged me .... Did he deny .... Don't hesitate .... Do you anticipate .... Why did she fail…. I'll arrange .... 2. Form a group of three to five members. Choose one of the story beginnings or make up your own. Each group member continues the story by adding a sentence or two. At least one of the sentences should contain words from the given list, plus a gerund or infinitive phrase. As a group, use as many of the words in the list which follows as you can. Example: (Yoko) had a bad night last night. First, when she got home, she discovered that SPEAKER A: . . . her door was unlocked. She didn't recall leaving her door unlocked. She always remembers to lock her door and in fact specifically remembered locking it that morning. So she became afraid that someone had broken into her apartment. SPEAKER B: She thought about going inside, but then decided it would be better not to go into her apartment alone. What if there was a burglar inside? SPEAKER C: Instead of going into her apartment alone, Yoko walked to her next-door neighbor's door and knocked. SPEAKER D: Her neighbor answered the door. He could see that something was the matter. "Are you all right?" he asked her. speaker a: Etc. Story beginnings: (...) is having trouble with (her/his) roommate, whose name is ( ...). (Her/His) roommate keeps many pets even though the lease they signed forbids residents to keep animals in their apartments. Yesterday, one of these pets, a/an .... Not long ago, (...) and (...) were walking home together after dark. They heard a strange whooshing sound. When they looked up in the night sky, they saw a huge hovering aircraft. It glowed! It was round and green! (...) was frightened and curious at the same time. (She/He) wanted to ..., but.... Once upon a time, (...) lived in a faraway village in a remote mountainous region. All of the villagers were terrified because of the dragon that lived nearby. At least once a week, the dragon would descend on the village and .... It was a dark and stormy night. (...) was all alone at home. Suddenly .... 5. (...) had a bad day yesterday. First of all, when (she/he) got up in the morning, (she/he) discovered that.... List of words and phrases to work into the story:
3. Do you know which verbs are followed by infinitives and which are followed by -ing forms? Make two lists.
Put in the correct forms of the verbs. You can't help (like) him. We decided (stay) at home. We expect (hear) from Ann soon. Do you fancy (go) out tonight? I don't feel like (cook). When do you finish (study)? I've given up (smoke). Imagine (be) married to her! I managed (find) a taxi. Would you mind (pass) the bread? I missed (see) the beginning of the film. She pretended (be) ill. Don't put off (see) the doctor. He spends ages (talk) on the phone. I want (see) the manager. Do you enjoy (watch) football? 4. Change the construction of the sentences using the appropriate form of the infinitive. Download 365,5 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
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