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[N. Gregory(N. Gregory Mankiw) Mankiw] Principles (BookFi)

Producer surplus
is the amount a seller is paid minus the
cost of production. Producer surplus measures the benefit to sellers of participat-
ing in a market.
Now consider a somewhat different example. Suppose that you have two
houses that need painting. Again, you auction off the jobs to the four painters. To
keep things simple, let’s assume that no painter is able to paint both houses and
that you will pay the same amount to paint each house. Therefore, the price falls
until two painters are left.
In this case, the bidding stops when Georgia and Grandma each offer to do
the job for a price of $800 (or slightly less). At this price, Georgia and Grandma
are willing to do the work, and Mary and Frida are not willing to bid a lower
price. At a price of $800, Grandma receives producer surplus of $300, and Georgia
receives producer surplus of $200. The total producer surplus in the market
is $500.
Ta b l e 7 - 3
T
HE
C
OSTS OF
F
OUR
P
OSSIBLE
S
ELLERS
S
ELLER
C
OST
Mary
$900
Frida
800
Georgia
600
Grandma
500
c o s t
the value of everything a seller must
give up to produce a good
p r o d u c e r s u r p l u s
the amount a seller is paid for a good
minus the seller’s cost


C H A P T E R 7
C O N S U M E R S , P R O D U C E R S , A N D T H E E F F I C I E N C Y O F M A R K E T S
1 4 9
U S I N G T H E S U P P LY C U R V E T O M E A S U R E
P R O D U C E R S U R P L U S
Just as consumer surplus is closely related to the demand curve, producer surplus
is closely related to the supply curve. To see how, let’s continue our example.
We begin by using the costs of the four painters to find the supply schedule for
painting services. Table 7-4 shows the supply schedule that corresponds to the
costs in Table 7-3. If the price is below $500, none of the four painters is willing to
do the job, so the quantity supplied is zero. If the price is between $500 and $600,
only Grandma is willing to do the job, so the quantity supplied is 1. If the price is
between $600 and $800, Grandma and Georgia are willing to do the job, so the
quantity supplied is 2, and so on. Thus, the supply schedule is derived from the
costs of the four painters.
Figure 7-4 graphs the supply curve that corresponds to this supply schedule.
Note that the height of the supply curve is related to the sellers’ costs. At any quan-
tity, the price given by the supply curve shows the cost of the 
marginal seller,
the
Ta b l e 7 - 4
T
HE
S
UPPLY
S
CHEDULE FOR THE
S
ELLERS IN
T
ABLE
7-3

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