I n t e r n a L medicine questions Bank

Wrong about pulmonary hypertension:

1. 
   Meidcal treatment is effective.
   
2. 
   Bone marrow can respond by producing more RBCs
   

Outcome — Treatment of pulmonary hypertension improves hemodynamic measures, World Health Organization (WHO) functional class, and the six-minute walking test distance [69,70]. It also appears to improve survival: Numerous uncontrolled trials and one controlled trial of epoprostenol therapy have demonstrated improved survival compared to historical controls [61,71-73]. As an example, one trial demonstrated that survival among patients receiving epoprostenol was better than historical controls at one year (85 versus 58 percent), three years (63 versus 33 percent), and five years (55 versus 28 percent) [61]. A meta-analysis of 21 randomized trials (3140 patients) found that therapy with a prostanoid, an endothelin receptor antagonist, or a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor improves mortality compared to controls (1.5 versus 3.8 percent, RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35 - 0.92) [69]. The average duration of the trials was 14 weeks.

20. 
    Defnitive treatement of obstructive sleep apnea:
    
    1. 
       Weight reduction
       
    2. 
       Tracheostomy
       
    3. 
       Continouse positive airaway pressure
       

Tracheostomy provides definitive correction because it bypasses the obstruction. It is recommended for patients with very severe OSA, especially if the patient does not tolerate CPAP or has cor pulmonale. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295807-treatment#showall

21.