I. G‘afurov, O. Mo‘minov, N. Qambarov tarjima nazariyasi

against the
people
o f Namibia		characterized		by	unwarranted
massacres	o f the civilian		population			as well
as massive		arrests o f the	south		w est	African
people’s	organization.		To	express		their

domination in that part o f Southern Africa the apartheid regime has perpetrated multiple acts o f provocation and aggression against Angola and Zambia causing considerable numbers o f casualties and material damage.


Nam ibiya muammosi Bosh Assam bleya oldida turgan chigal masaladir.
Aparteidning yom on asoratlari, irqchilik, kolonializm ga qarshi kurash-bu muhim masaladir.


M ening delegatsiyam BMT kengashining va alohida komitetning hisobotini juda puxta o ‘rganib chiqdi.

Nam ibiya territoriyasida vaziyat yom on ekanligini xabar keldi.
X avfsizlik kengashining 385 (1976)-rezolyutsiyasi o ‘z diqqatini N am ibiya xalqini beshafqat ekspluatatsiya qilish, irqchilik, kolonial rejim, yoppasiga qamoqqa olish kabi q o‘pol harakatlarga qaratdi.

Aparteid rejimi Angola va Zambiyaga qarshi agressiya ham uyushtirgan.

Uzbekistan airways is one the

0 ‘zbekiston havo yo'llari eng yosli

youngest air companies in the world

havo

y o ‘llari

kompaniyasidir. U

and within its short time o f existence has

dunyoda qisqa

vaqtda

allaqachon

already becom e

internationally known

tanildi va dunyo bozorida uz joyini

taking its place in the world market.

egalladi.

It

was

founded

five

years

ago

5 yil ilgari 1992-yil yanvarda

in

January

1992

it

is

a

member

tashkil qilingan va u xalqaro

o f

International

Civil

Aviation

fuqarolar

aviatsiya

tashkilotining

Organization, a M l member.

to‘iiq a’zosi bo‘ldi.

Uzbekistan

airplanes

carry

out

0 ‘zbekiston

samolyotlari

regular flights from Tashkent to various

muntazam

ravishda:

Toshkentdan

international

airports,

such

as

N ew

har xil xalqaro

aeroportlarga y a ’ni

York, Amsterdam,

London,

Frankfurt,

Nyu

York, Amsterdam,

London,

Athens, Istambul, Pekin, Delhi, Seoul,

Frankfurt,

Afina, Istambul, Pekin,

Kuala-Lumpur

in

total

more

than

Dehli, Seul umumiy hisobda 20 ta

20

international

destinations,

about

xalqaro 19 ta M DH va mamlakat

19 destinations within CIS and 16

ichkarisida 16 ta joyga uchadi

destinations

in

side

o f the

Republic as

0 ‘zbekiston

havo

y o ‘llaming

well

y o ‘nalishi

2

million

kilometrdan

The extent

o f

Uzbekistan airways

oshgandir.

Yangi

reyslar

air routes is more than 2 million

qushilmoqda.

kilometers. N ew routes are being rated

0 ‘zbekiston

havo

y o ‘llarida katta

regularly,

tez uchadigan samolyotlar mavjud.

Uzbekistan airways boosts a vast

Ular A 310, Boing, IL ‘ 62 S, IL

fleet

o f air

craft

including

Airbus A

86 S, TU

154

S va IL 76 S.lardir.

310’S B oings,

IL 62’S

IL-

86’S, TU-

310 samolyotlari xalqaro masofaga

154’S and IL- 7 6 ’ S. The airbus 310 has

muvaffaqiyatli

uchadigan

reysdir.

been used successfully as I international

1996-yil oxirida va 1997-yil martda

routes. A t the end

o f

1996

and March

ikkita yangi Boing —767 sam olyoti

1997 tw o new Boeing

-767’S

were

qo‘shildi.

Yaqinda

Britaniya

added to the fleet. Recently, the British

Fransuz layneri RJ-585 ucha

French liner RJ-85 began to fly the

boshladi.

0 ‘zbekiston

osmonida

Uzbekistan

sky, providing

passengers

passajirlarga xalqaro usulda xizmat

with international style services

ko‘rsatiladi.

Ba’zan ingliz tilidan o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qilish davomida kesimning tushirib qoldirilishi gaplarning asl ma’nosi va aloqadorligini buzmaydi. Bunday holatda o‘zbek tilidagi gapning oxirgi so‘ziga “dir” suffiksini qo‘shish mumkin.

I now give the floor to the distinguished delegate o f Tanzania.
Mr President, the question o f Namibia is the question for consideration before the General Assemble.
Without_doubt
These are the deadly consequences o f apartheid, rasism and colonialism, scourages ofhumanity
Solutions to the problems o f development are best formulated within the context o f the over all socio-economic and technological framework o f the particular country.
In this way, availab!e resources are uti Iized to the maximum extend and dependence on imported techlogies is diminished
S o‘z Tanzaniya delegatiga. Janob rais, Namibiya — Bosh Assam bleya ko‘rib chiqadigan masaladir. Shubhasiz, ular aparteidning yomon asoratlari, irqchilik va kolonializmning insoniyatga zararligidir. Muammolarni eng yaxshi hal etish sotsial-iqtisodiy va texnikaviy vaziyatdagi har bir mamlakatga tegishlidir.

Shunday qilib, resurslar
maksimal ravishdadir
— manbalar va import texnologiyasi kamdir.

Tarjimon nutqning asosini tashkil qiluvchi fikrlami anglashi va tarjima qilish davomida ularga yetarlicha urg‘u berishi kerak. Nutqni tushunishning birinchi yo‘li - bu nutqning asosini tashkil etuvchi tushunchalarni aniqlab olish bo‘!sa, ikkinchisi esa o‘sha tushunchalar o‘rtasidagi bogMiqlikni tahlil qilish. Nutq bu gaplar yig‘indisi emas, balki bu gaplar bir-biri bilan ma’lum bir qoidalar bilan bog‘langanligidir va aynan shu bog‘lanish nutqning asosiy mazmunini aniqlab beradi.

§2. Qaytarish (shadowing)
Qaytarish tarjimonlami tayyorlashda eng muhim usullaridan biridir. Bu usul quloq eshitgichlar (naushniklar) yordamida qo‘llaniladi. Bu usulda odatda ona tilidagi gapni eshitib va uni bir vaqtning o‘zida shu ona tilida qaytarishga o‘rgatiladi, chet tiliga tarjima qilib qaytarish keyingi bosqichda amalga oshiriladi.
Eshitish va bir vaqtning o‘zida eshitganini qaytarish — bu o‘rganadigan qobiliyat. Tarjimonlar bu qobiliyat bilan tug‘ilishlari

shart emas. Bu ishni eplay olmagan tarjimonlar o‘zlariga yomon odatlarni orttiradilar. So‘zma-so‘z qaytarish tarjimonlarni tayyorlashda mashg‘ulotlarda qo‘llaniladi. U ikkiga bo‘linadi. Fonemik (shadowing) qaytarish va iborali (phrasal) qaytarish. Fonemik (phonemic) qaytarish - bu butun ma’no yoki so‘zni kutmasdan turib har bir tovushning qanday eshitilgan bo‘lsa shunaqa takrorlashdir. Ikkinchisi esa, bu iborali qaytarish ya’ni talaba so‘zlovchining nutqini boshidan oxirigacha takrorlaydi. Tovushma-tovush qaytarish iborali qaytarish usulidan oldin o‘tilishi kerak. Bu usul odatda eshitib, ham bir zumda gapirish qobiliyatini o‘stirishda ishlatiladi. Iborali qaytarish bu tarjimonning orqada qolib ketish-ketmasligini aniqlash uchun ham foydasi bor. Mazkur usul tarjimonni tayyorlashning eng yaxshi usuli hisoblanadi. Qaytarish tezligi ko‘p tadqiqot ishlaming mavzusi bo‘lgan. Orqada qolgan vaqt tarjimaga o‘z ta’sirini ko‘rsatadi. Qaytarish texnikasi bu tarjima qilishdan oldin qo‘llanadigan usul. Gapni eshitib uni ozgina kechikish bilan qaytarish jarayoni —qaytarish deyiladi.