И. А. Курбасова Е. И. Силантьева

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ

1. controller — контроллер (устройство для управления электро­подвижным составом)

2. one feature in common — одна общая черта

3. successful as it is—хотя он (поезд) удачный

СЛОВА ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ
1. desirable [di'zaiərəbl] а желательный, необходимый

2. goal [goul] n цель, задача

3. modify ['mכdifai] v видоизменять, модифицировать

4. renewal [ri'nju:əl] n обновление, восстановление

5. worth (+gerund) [wa:ǿ] а стоящий, заслуживающий; it is worth mentioning стоит упомянуть

6. incorporate [in'kכ:pəreit] v включать; объединять

7. stream-lined ['stri:mlaind] а обтекаемый

8. shape [∫eip] n форма, очертание

9. display [dis'plei] v выставлять, показывать

10 curve [kə:v] n кривая, изгиб; go round a curve дви­гаться по кривой, вписываться в кривую

11.per cent [рə 'sent] процент

12. accept [ək'sept] v принимать; acceptable [ək'septəbl] a приемлемый

13. due [dju:] а должный, надлежащий; обусловленный

14. alloy ['ælכi] n сплав

15. amount [ə'maunt] n количество

16. promise ['prכmis] n перспектива; show promise откры­вать перспективу

17. cushion ['ku∫ən] n подушка

18. thin [ǿin] а тонкий

19. succeed in (+ gerund) [sək'si:d] и достигать цели, уда­ваться

20. air pollution [рə'1u:∫ən] загрязнение атмосферы (ды­мом и пр.); pollution-free не загрязняющий атмосфе­ру, экологически чистый

21 propulsion [рrə’pΛl∫ən] п движущая сила, тяга; дви­жение вперед

22. silent ['seilənt] а бесшумный

23. environment [in'vaiərənmənt] n окружающая среда

24. advantageous [ædvən'teidзəs] а благоприятный, выгод­ный

25. that is why вот почему, поэтому

26. pump [рΛmр] v качать, нагнетать; п насос

27. pressure ['pre∫ə] n давление

28. behind [bi'haind] prep за; adv сзади, позади

29. offer ['כfə] v предлагать, предоставлять

30. benefit ['benifit] n выгода; польза

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
5. Переведите словосочетания из текста, не пользуясь словарем.

took a long time, did all in their power, at their dis­posal (абз. 1); when it comes to developing (абз. 2); the speeds of the aircraft, without requiring (абз. 3); prepara­tory work (абз. 4); at all times (абз. 5); sound-proof win­dows, soft aircraft-like seats, snack-bars (абз. 6); to take the train out of service (абз. 7); the proposition for new trans­port, a thin film of air (абз. 8); densely-populated areas (абз. 9); electromagnetic attraction and repulsion (абз. 10); the objects which might fall on its (train's) path, a similar effect could decelerate the train (абз. 12).

6. Переведите данные словосочетания.

a modified prototype of a locomotive, to make several modifications;

the problem is worth studying, the idea is worth atten­tion;

to incorporate a suggestion in a plan, the locomotive incorporating the latest electronic devices;

to display a danger signal, to display a locomotive at the exhibition;

a curve in a diagram, to slow down on the curve;

to accept a scheme, an acceptable solution, an accepted method;

to arrive in due time, to be due to bad weather, due to heavy snow;

a great amount of energy, a small amount of heat;

an air cushion, seats with soft cushions;

to succeed in perfecting the system, to succeed in reach­ing a record speed;

to pollute the atmosphere, non-polluting transport, envi­ronmental pollution;

- a means of propulsion, gas-turbine propulsion, jet pro­pulsion;

to pollute the environment, to protect the environment, environmental problems;

an advantageous situation, an advantageous means of propulsion, advantageous in all respects;

behind the driver's seat, to leave far behind;

to offer help, to offer a scheme, to offer comfort, to offer an advantage.

7. 
   Дайте английские эквиваленты к выделенным словам.
   

to change the design of a vehicle; to adopt a project;

an unusual form of a seat; to indicate the stop signal; track reconstruction; a noiseless operation; routes favour­able for electric traction; to provide comforts; the advan­tages of magnetically-suspended vehicles; a new means of motive power.

8. Прослушайте текст и перескажите его по-анг­лийски.

(1) Some time ago the gas turbine propulsion seemed a highly desirable goal and extensive research in this field was carried out in Canada, the USA, Japan and in some other countries.

(2) The Japanese National Railways decided to develop gas-turbine cars for speeding up the traffic on non-electri­fied lines. Besides high speeds the gas-turbine engines of­fered some more benefits: they were smaller and lighter than diesel engines of equal capacity.

(3) The Japanese succeeded in building an experimental vehicle. After the test runs it became clear that the gas-turbine car would be able to cut down the journey time by 26 per cent.

(4) However, the cost of oil greatly increased as the result of the energy crisis. In addition, much noise and air pollution produced by the gas-turbine vehicles made the gas-turbine engine less advantageous and even unacceptable fpr commercial operation.

9. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на фук-ции и значения глаголов should, would. Найдите анало­гичные предложения в тексте А и переведите их (абз. 3, 10—12). .

1. lo prevent derailing, (сход, с рельсов) the trains should reduce the speed on curves'. The designer said the number of coaches in the new_stream_riined train would be changed according to traffic requirements. 3. Were the air pumped out of the tube, the trains would have no friction while running. 4. Steps should have been taken to elimi­nate the costly equipment. 5. If propelled by the gas tur­bine, the train would produce undesirable effects on the environment. 6. Ecologists insist that the environment should be protected from the exhaust gases. 7. Being a contactless and frictionless mode of transport, the magnet­ically suspended vehicles would not require frequent track renewals. 8. The driving compartment of high-speed trains must be fitted with cab signalling lest the driver should pass the red light displayed by the trackside signal. 9. Pro­vided the design of the new vehicle were accepted, a large amount of energy would be saved due to its stream-lined shape.

10. Переведите текст устно, не пользуясь словарем.
Future Railways
(1) Many years ago when railways were coming into use, they were an object of public criticism. People having doubts about steam-operated railways said that the smoke from the steam locomotives would kill birds and the houses would be burnt up by the fire from the locomotives' chim­neys (труба). Travelling by rail would be highly dangerous. A German doctor wrote at that time that it would be impossible for people to watch the trains pass along with­out going mad (сходить с ума).

(2) Railways, however, have made a great advance since that time and turned out to be more advantageous than any other kind of land transport. Now one may suppose that railways face a bright future. A network of electrified lines would continuously expand. Passenger service would be handled by entirely new vehicles riding with a top speed of 500 kph. Diesel motive power would be used for switch­ing operations and for hauling trains on secondary lines. Greater importance should be attached in the future to containerized service to prevent goods from being damaged. Probably wireless telephone and television communication with the whole world would be available for any passenger travelling in a long-distance express train. In addition to these benefits, railways would offer many other conveniences to passengers. (3) Had it been possible for the opponents of early rail­ways to live till now, they should have admitted that G. Stephenson was right when he said that eventually the railway would replace other means of transportation and it would be cheaper for man to travel by rail than to walk on foot.

11. Подготовьте сообщения на следующие темы.

1. The Soviet ER-200 train.

2. The contactless transportation systems.

3. The Corridor system.

12. Прочтите текст В без словаря и изложите его со­держание по-английски, используя инструкцию, данную к упр. 14, Урок 15 (20 мин.).