Chapter
9
Corporate Social Responsibility
109
and soft ideas? Are they letting the country in for
a nightmare return to feudalism by forgetting that
they must be businessmen first, last and almost
always?’ He did write that CSR can be used as
‘a way of maximizing the lifetime of capitalism by
taking the wind out of its critics’ sails’ (ibid: 43).
But, writing as an unrestructured capitalist, he sug-
gested that: ‘The essence of free enterprise is to go
after profit in any way that is consistent with its
own survival as an economic system’ (ibid: 44).
The Chicago monetarist Milton Friedman (1962:
133–34) questioned the ability of business managers
to pursue the social interest. He asked:
If businessmen do have a social responsibility
other than making maximum profits for
stockholders, how are they to know what it is?
Can self-selected private individuals decide what
the social interest is? Can they decide how great a
burden they are justified in placing on themselves
or their stockholders to serve that social interest?
In 1970 Friedman argued that the social responsi-
bility of business is to maximize profits within the
bounds of the law. He maintained that the mere
existence of CSR was an agency problem within the
firm in that it was a misuse of the resources entrusted
to managers by owners, which could be better used
on value-added internal projects or returned to the
shareholders.
These outspoken views may no longer be sup-
ported so openly but they still exist and are still
acted on. There is much evidence that CSR is not on
the agenda – for example, UK banks that made money
by selling worthless investments or insurance policies
and then failed to respond adequately to complaints.
And, less egregiously, a glance at the ‘Your Problems’
column in the Observer reveals plenty of instances
of businesses indulging in antisocial behaviour. It is
necessary, therefore, to have a convincing case for
the benefits of CSR.
Benefits of CSR
Benefits from CSR listed by the CIPD (2003: 4)
include, ‘offering distinctive positioning in the market
place, protecting reputation, building credibility and
trust with customers and employees, redefining cor-
porate purpose or mission and securing the company’s
licence to operate’.
Much research has been conducted into the
relationship between CSR and firm performance.
For example, Russo and Fouts (1997) found that
there was a positive relationship between environ-
mental performance and financial performance.
Hillman and Keim (2001) established that if the
socially responsible activity were directly related to
primary stakeholders, then investments may benefit
not only stakeholders but also result in increased
shareholder wealth. However, participation in social
issues beyond the direct stakeholders may adversely
affect a firm’s ability to create such wealth.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: