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Armstrongs Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice 1

Knowledge 

management

LearnIng outComes

On completing this chapter you should be able to define these key concepts. You should 

also know about:

 



The purpose and significance of knowledge management

 



Knowledge management strategies

 



Knowledge management systems

 



Knowledge management issues

 



The contribution HR can make to knowledge management

Key ConCePts and terms

Communities of practice

Data

Explicit knowledge



Information

Knowledge

Knowledge management

Tacit knowledge



77


Part 

1

  The Practice of Human Resource Management

78

Introduction

Knowledge  management  is  concerned  with  storing 

and sharing the wisdom, understanding and exper-

tise accumulated in an enterprise about its processes, 

techniques and operations. It treats knowledge as a 

key resource. It was defined by Tan (2000: 10) as: 

‘The process of systematically and actively manag-

ing  and  leveraging  the  stores  of  knowledge  in  an 

organization.’  As  Ulrich  (1998:  126)  remarked: 

‘Knowledge has become a direct competitive advan-

tage for companies selling ideas and relationships.’

There is nothing new about knowledge manage-

ment. Hansen et al (1999: 106) observed that: ‘For 

hundreds of years, owners of family businesses have 

passed  on  their  commercial  wisdom  to  children, 

master  craftsmen  have  painstakingly  taught  their 

trades to apprentices, and workers have exchanged 

ideas  and  know-how  on  the  job.’  But  they  also  

commented that: ‘As the foundation of industrialized 

economies  has  shifted  from  natural  resources  to  

intellectual assets, executives have been compelled 

to examine the knowledge underlying their business 

and how that knowledge is used’ (ibid: 106).

Knowledge management is more concerned with 

people and how they acquire, exchange and spread 

knowledge than it is about information technology. 

That  is  why  it  has  become  an  important  area  for 

HR  practitioners,  who  are  in  a  strong  position  to 

exert influence in this aspect of people management. 

It  is  associated  with  intellectual  capital  theory  

(see  Chapter  5),  in  that  it  refers  to  the  notions  of 

human,  social  and  organizational  or  structural  

capital. It is also linked to organizational learning 

(see Chapter 22).

Knowledge management should be based on an 

understanding of the concept of knowledge; this is 

therefore dealt with in the first section of this chapter. 

In  subsequent  sections  knowledge  management  is 

described  in  more  detail,  strategies  for  developing 

its practice are described and consideration is given 

to the role of HR.


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